Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

16076 - 16100 of 43197

Search by

-
Event origin
Event type

1856: Public transport around London became more...

Building item

1856

Public transport around London became more reliable as independent operators were annexed into the French General Omnibus Company .
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
145

1856: John Barron's factory in Leeds became the...

Building item

1856

John Barron's factory in Leeds became the first large-scale operation to make use of sewing machines.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
128

1856: The book Elegant Art for Ladies outlined...

Building item

1856

The book Elegant Art for Ladies outlined suitable artistic endeavours for middle-class women.
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. Victorian Women Artists. Women’s Press, 1987.
4

1856: In Treatment of the Insane Without Mechanical...

Building item

1856

In Treatment of the Insane Without Mechanical Restraints, physician John Conolly dramatically portrayed the advantages of state incarceration for mentally unstable women.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
68
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
66, 68, 79
Elaine Showalter draws the connection between lunacy debates...

1856: Margaret Agnes Colvile, future wife of publisher...

Women writers item

1856

Margaret Agnes Colvile , future wife of publisher Charles Kegan Paul , published her first two novels: Dorothy: A Tale and DeCressy.
Howsam, Leslie. Kegan Paul—A Victorian Imprint. Kegan Paul; University of Toronto Press, 1998.
61-3, 71, 206

1856: Fredrika Bremer's feminist novel Hertha stressed...

Writing climate item

1856

Fredrika Bremer 's feminist novel Hertha stressed the need for women's independence; it appeared in an English translation by Mary Howitt the same year.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
The Fredrika Bremer Association. http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080201023636/http://www.fredrikabremer.se/site/english.

1856: The Illustrated London News became the first...

Building item

1856

The Illustrated London News became the first periodical to include regular colour images.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
151

1856: Jean-Martin Charcot became the Médecin des...

Building item

1856

Jean-Martin Charcot became the Médecin des Hôspitaux de Paris at La Salpêtrière .
Owen, Alan Robert George. Hysteria, Hypnosis and Healing: The Work of J.-M. Charcot. Garrett Publications, 1971, http://HSS.
32

1856: The cardigan was invented by Lord Cardigan...

National or international item

1856

The cardigan was invented by Lord Cardigan to combat the intense cold during the Crimean War.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
192

1856: John Everett Millais exhibited The Blind...

Building item

1856

John Everett Millais exhibited The Blind Girl and Autumn Leaves.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
284-5

1856: The National Portrait Gallery was founded,...

National or international item

1856

The National Portrait Gallery was founded, largely through the advocacy of Lord Stanhope , who was president of the Society of Arts at the time.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
270
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. Victorian Women Artists. Women’s Press, 1987.
36
National Portrait Gallery. http://www.npg.org.uk/live/index.asp.

Mary Ann Shadd Cary: 3 January 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Ann Shadd Cary

3 January 1856

Mary Ann Shadd married Thomas F. Cary at her sister Amelia 's home at St Catherines in Canada West (present-day Ontario).
Rhodes, Jane. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Indiana University Press, 1998.
112

Fanny Fern: 5 January 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Fanny Fern

5 January 1856

FF made her third marriage, this time to journalist and biographer James Parton , who was eleven years her junior.
Warren, Joyce. Fanny Fern: An Independent Woman. Rutgers University Press, 1992.
154-5

Julia Kavanagh: By 5 January 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Kavanagh

By 5 January 1856

JK published another biographical novel, Rachel Gray, A Tale, Founded on Fact.
Colby, Robert Alan. Fiction with a Purpose. Indiana University Press, 1968.
348n17
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1472 (1856): 40

George Sand: 10 January 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

10 January 1856

Charles Dickens met GS ; he declared in a letter that she had [n]othing of the blue-stocking about her.
Jordan, Ruth. George Sand: A Biographical Portrait. Taplinger, 1976.
294-5

Eliza Ogilvy: By 12 January 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Ogilvy

By 12 January 1856

EO (as Mrs. D. Ogilvy) published Poems of Ten Years, 1846-1855.
Ogilvy, Eliza. Poems of Ten Years. Thomas Bosworth, 1856.
prelims
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1472 (1856): 38

John Strange Winter : 13 January 1856

Women writers item
Author event in John Strange Winter

13 January 1856

Henrietta Eliza Vaughan Palmer, later JSW , was born at The Cottage, Trinity Lane, York.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Bainbridge, Oliver, and Alfred Edward Turner. John Strange Winter: A Volume of Personal Record. East and West, 1916.
2

Isabella Bird: By 19 January 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Bird

By 19 January 1856

IB anonymously published her first book, The Englishwoman in America, based on journals she wrote while travelling through, among other places, Chicago, Detroit, Toronto, and Hamilton, Ontario.
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 29, 31

William Morris: 25 January 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in William Morris

25 January 1856

WM articled himself to G. E. Street , a leading English Gothic architect.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Lady Charlotte Bury: By 26 January 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Charlotte Bury

By 26 January 1856

LCB published another novel, The Lady of Fashion, again as the author of the History of a Flirt.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1474 (1856): 104

29 January 1856: Queen Victoria instituted the Victoria Cross...

National or international item

29 January 1856

Queen Victoria instituted the Victoria Cross for acts of conspicuous valour.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
276

Hannah Cullwick: Early 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cullwick

Early 1856

HC moved to from Suffolk to London, for the sake of being closer to Arthur Munby .
Cullwick, Hannah. “Introduction and Notes”. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant, edited by Liz Stanley, Rutgers University Press, 1984, pp. 1 - 28, passim.
3, 299

February 1856: Matthew Davenport Hill distributed Barbara...

National or international item

February 1856

Matthew Davenport Hill distributed Barbara Leigh Smith 's A Brief Summary in Plain Language of the Most Important Laws Concerning Women to the Personal Laws Committee of the Law Amendment Society .
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
85

February 1856: The Waverley Journal: For the Cultivation...

Writing climate item

February 1856

The Waverley Journal: For the Cultivation of the Honourable, the Progressive and the Beautiful, began fortnightly publication, advertising itself as Edited and published by Ladies.
Harrison, Royden et al. The Warwick Guide to British Labour Periodicals, 1790-1970: A Check List. Harvester Press, 1977.
589
Harrison, Royden et al. The Warwick Guide to British Labour Periodicals, 1790-1970: A Check List. Harvester Press, 1977.
589
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
1
Rendall, Jane. “A Moral Engine? Feminism, Liberalism and the English Womans JournalEqual or Different: Womens Politics 1800-1914, edited by Jane Rendall, Basil Blackwell, 1987, pp. 112-38.
115-16

Catharine Parr Traill: By 9 February 1856

Writing climate item
Author event in Catharine Parr Traill

By 9 February 1856

CPT 's book Lady Mary and Her Nurse appeared, aimed at very young children.
New, William H., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 99. Gale Research, 1990.
335
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1476 (9 February 1856): 170