"Fredrika Bremer" Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_replica_or_study_of_Johan_Gustaf_Sandberg%27s_portrait_of_Fredrika_Bremer.jpg#metadata.
Fredrika Bremer
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Standard Name: Bremer, Fredrika
FB was a nineteenth-century Swedish author, her country's leading representative of women's writing and feminist thinking and action in her generation, and for several more to come. She published short fiction and novels (which were seen as initiating fictional realism in Sweden, in spite of their symbolic or spiritual aspect), travel writings, and journalism. She became influential in Britain, North America, and around the world. Her fame quickly faded, however, and her reputation is only recently being revisited.
Connections
| Connections Sort descending | Author name | Excerpt |
|---|---|---|
| Family and Intimate relationships | Mary Howitt | She was educated mostly abroad, and as a young woman travelled through Egypt, Palestine, and Greece preparatory to writing a biography of Fredrika Bremer
. She converted to Catholicism well before her mother. After living... |
| Fictionalization | Harriet Martineau | Mary Russell Mitford
wrote disapprovingly of HM
's claims: I see no good in these experiments. Mitford, Mary Russell. The Life of Mary Russell Mitford: Told by Herself in Letters To Her Friends. Editor L’Estrange, Alfred Guy Kingham, Harper and Brothers, 1870, 2 vols. 2: 281 |
| Friends, Associates | Selina Bunbury | During the winter she spent in Sweden she found herself housebound following a sledding accident. She was visited daily at this time by the well-known Swedish novelist Fredrika Bremer
. Athenæum. J. Lection. 1346 (1853): 960 Bunbury, Selina. Life in Sweden. Hurst and Blackett, 1853, 2 vols. 2: 260 |
| Friends, Associates | Harriet Martineau | HM
's social circle vastly expanded at this time until she knew virtually all the prominent people, particularly the political men, of her day. As she recorded in her Autobiography, however, she refused to... |
| Friends, Associates | Anna Swanwick | Other friends mentioned by her niece and biographer were Fredrika Bremer
, Anna Brownell Jameson
, Frances Power Cobbe
, Thomas Carlyle
, George MacDonald
, Lady Eastlake
, Elizabeth Rundle Charles
, Lady Martin |
| Friends, Associates | Catharine Maria Sedgwick | Closest to CMS
were her siblings and their spouses, several of whom were also published authors. The Sedgwick family and Fanny Kemble
were apparently the inner circle of the literary scene in the Berkshires,... |
| Intertextuality and Influence | Dinah Mulock Craik | Sally Mitchell
compares The Head of the Family to the large-cast family story Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983. 31 |
| Intertextuality and Influence | Matilda Hays | Woven into the novel is considerable commentary on the art, music, and literary productions of the day. Quotations are given from or allusions made to a wide range of authors including Tennyson
, Longfellow
(used... |
| Literary responses | Henrietta Camilla Jenkin | The Athenæum praised The Smiths highly, calling it one of the best Novels we have had since the publication of Fredrika Bremer
's Home. qtd. in Retz, Paul de Gondi de. Cardinal de Retz. Translator Jenkin, Henrietta Camilla, T. C. Newby, 1844, 2 vols. 1: end page |
| Publishing | Angela Thirkell | In 1930, once she was back in England, she found she could earn her living by journalism for Punch and the Fortnightly Review. She was attuned to writing by women from an early stage... |
| Publishing | Mary Howitt | Fredrika Bremer
contributed a laudatory preface for the German translations of both Work and Wages and Love and Money. Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press, 1952. 93 |
| Reception | Elizabeth Gaskell | Around the time of Ruth's appearance, Swedish novelist and feminist Fredrika Bremer
(who was probably introduced to EG
by William
and Mary Howitt
) wrote: Dear Elizabeth, dear sister in spirit, if I may... |
| Textual Production | Mary Howitt | This venture seems to have sprung from William's brief, financially damaging involvement in The People's Journal, 1846-8, whose chaotic business practices were a serious handicap to its programme for rendering workers prudent, sober, independent... |
| Textual Production | Mary Howitt | Having taught herself Swedish during her sojourn in Germany, MH
formed a taste for Swedish and Danish literature, and a determination to introduce it into English. She tackled the contemporary writers Fredrika Bremer
and... |
| Textual Production | Elizabeth Gaskell | The idea of self-improvement through writing and reading correlates to the strong emphasis in EG
's fiction on education and the impact of environment. This was undoubtedly influenced by a Unitarian intellectual background indebted to... |
Timeline
17 August 1801: Fredrika Bremer, author and women's rights...
Writing climate item
17 August 1801
Fredrika Bremer
, author and women's rights activist, was born in Åbo (now Turku), Finland, then a part of Sweden.
Bremer, Fredrika, and Fredrika Bremer. “Biography”. Life, Letters, and Posthumous Works of Fredrika Bremer, edited by Charlotte Bremer et al., translated by. Frederick Milow, Emily Nonnen, Hurd and Houghton, 1868, pp. 1-100.
1837: Fredrika Bremer published her domestic novel...
Writing climate item
1837
Fredrika Bremer
published her domestic novel Grannarne, translated into English in 1842 as Neighbours.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
784 (5 November 1842): 949
1839: Hemmet, one of Fredrika Bremer's best-known...
Writing climate item
1839
Hemmet, one of Fredrika Bremer
's best-known domestic novels, appeared; it was translated into English in 1843 by Mary Howitt
as The Home, or Family Cares and Family Joys.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
1856: Fredrika Bremer's feminist novel Hertha stressed...
Writing climate item
1856
Fredrika Bremer
's feminist novel Hertha stressed the need for women's independence; it appeared in an English translation by Mary Howitt
the same year.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
The Fredrika Bremer Association. http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080201023636/http://www.fredrikabremer.se/site/english.
1864: Famous Girls who have become Illustrious...
Writing climate item
1864
Famous Girls who have become Illustrious Women: Forming Models for Imitation by the Young Women of England, a very popular book of biographical sketches by John M. Darton
, was published.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.
31 December 1865: Fredrika Bremer, author and activist for...
Writing climate item
31 December 1865
Fredrika Bremer
, author and activist for women's rights, died in Årsta, Sweden.
Bremer, Fredrika, and Fredrika Bremer. “Biography”. Life, Letters, and Posthumous Works of Fredrika Bremer, edited by Charlotte Bremer et al., translated by. Frederick Milow, Emily Nonnen, Hurd and Houghton, 1868, pp. 1-100.
Texts
Bremer, Fredrika, and Fredrika Bremer. “Biography”. Life, Letters, and Posthumous Works of Fredrika Bremer, edited by Charlotte Bremer et al., translated by. Frederick Milow, Emily Nonnen, Hurd and Houghton, 1868, pp. 1-100.
Bremer, Fredrika. Life, Letters, and Posthumous Works of Fredrika Bremer. Editor Bremer, Charlotte, Sampson Low, Son and Marston, 1868, https://archive.org/details/lifelettersposth00bremuoft/mode/2up.
Bremer, Fredrika. The Neighbours. Translator Howitt, Mary, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1842, 2 vols.
Bremer, Fredrika. The President’s Daughters. Translator Howitt, Mary, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843, 3 vols.