Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Julian of Norwich: 13 May 1373

Women writers item
Author event in Julian of Norwich

13 May 1373

Julian of Norwich , at the crisis of her near-fatal illness, experienced a series of shewings, or visions of Christ as present with her.
Julian of Norwich,. “Introduction”. Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love, edited by Frances Beer, Carl Winter, 1978, pp. 7-37.
7
Riddy, Felicity. “Julian of Norwich and Self-Textualization”. Editing Women, edited by Ann M. Hutchison, University of Toronto Press, 1998, pp. 101-24.
101

Petrarch: 18 July 1374

Writing climate item
Author event in Petrarch

18 July 1374

Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) , Italian poet, humanist, and originator of the sonnet, died at Arqua in the Euganean Hills, Italy.
Bergin, Thomas G. Petrarch. Twayne, 1970.
15
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1954.

Giovanni Boccaccio: 21 December 1375

Writing climate item
Author event in Giovanni Boccaccio

21 December 1375

GB , Italian fiction-writer, died at Certaldo.
Henderson, Lesley, and Sarah M. Hall, editors. Reference Guide to World Literature. 2nd ed., St James Press, 1995, 2 vols.

Mid-June 1376: This year marked the first recorded mention...

Writing climate item

Mid-June 1376

This year marked the first recorded mention of the York cycle of mystery plays, which were held on the feast of Corpus Christi (the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, nearly two months after Easter).
Davidson, Clifford. Festivals and Plays in Late Medieval Britain. Ashgate, 2007.
141

1377: The first insane patients were held at old...

Building item

1377

The first insane patients were held at old Bedlam , which had been established as a hospital after King Henry III confiscated the religious priory of St Mary of Bethlem .
Roberts, Andrew. “Mental Health History Timeline”. Middlesex University: Andrew Roberts Homepage: Mental Health and Learning Disability.

1378-1417: Rival claimants to the position of Pope weakened...

National or international item

1378-1417

Rival claimants to the position of Pope weakened the authority of the Papacy in what became known as the Great Schism.
Griffiths, Ralph Alan. “The Later Middle Ages (1290-1485)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 166-22.
211-12

1379: The English government instituted a graduated...

National or international item

1379

The English government instituted a graduated Poll Tax and collected names of all persons over sixteen, who would be liable for payment.
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
85
Carpenter, David. “Promises, Promises”. London Review of Books, Vol.
38
, No. 11, 2 June 2016, pp. 31-2.
31

Christine de Pisan: 1380

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

1380

Christine de Pisan married scholar Etienne de Castel, with whom she had three children: Marie, Jean, and another son who died in childhood.
McLeod, Glenda P., and Christine de Pisan. “Introduction”. Christine de Pizan: Christine’s Vision, Garland, 1993, p. xi - lv.
xii

May 1381: Insurrection followed Wat Tyler's killing...

National or international item

May 1381

Insurrection followed Wat Tyler 's killing of a poll-tax collector for indecent rudeness to his daughter; this became known as the Peasants' Revolt.
Griffiths, Ralph Alan. “The Later Middle Ages (1290-1485)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 166-22.
190
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
85
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Ball

6 June 1381: While the Peasants' Revolt was unfolding...

National or international item

6 June 1381

While the Peasants' Revolt was unfolding in London, a court at Thorrington in Essex found two serfs guilty of arranging marriages for their daughters without permission from their feudal lord.
Carpenter, David. “Promises, Promises”. London Review of Books, Vol.
38
, No. 11, 2 June 2016, pp. 31-2.
33

November 1382: The House of Commons requested Richard II...

National or international item

November 1382

The House of Commons requested Richard II to make use of wise officers and honest and discreet councillors.
Saul, Nigel. Richard II. Yale University Press, 1997.
81
Saul, Nigel. Richard II. Yale University Press, 1997.
81-2, 173ff

1384: John Wycliffe completed the first English...

Writing climate item

1384

John Wycliffe completed the first English translation of the Bible, and circulated it widely in manuscript.
Bible. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

1385: It was ruled that English was to be taught...

Writing climate item

1385

It was ruled that English was to be taught instead of French in British grammar schools.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.

About 1385: Geoffrey Chaucer published (in manuscript)...

Writing climate item

About 1385

Geoffrey Chaucer published (in manuscript) his narrative poem Troilus and Criseide.
Eagle, Dorothy et al. The Oxford Literary Guide to Great Britain and Ireland. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1993.
412

1388-1400: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales,...

Writing climate item

1388-1400

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, and gave them some currency in manuscript.
Eagle, Dorothy et al. The Oxford Literary Guide to Great Britain and Ireland. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1993.
412

1388: The Statute of Cambridge, popularly known...

National or international item

1388

The Statute of Cambridge, popularly known as the Poor Law, was passed, classifying the types of needy and designating responsibility for their care.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.

Christine de Pisan: 1390

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

1390

Christine de Pisan 's husband Etienne died, leaving her solely responsible for supporting her three children, her mother, and an impoverished niece.
McLeod, Glenda P., and Christine de Pisan. “Introduction”. Christine de Pizan: Christine’s Vision, Garland, 1993, p. xi - lv.
xii
Yenal, Edith. Christine de Pisan: A Bibliography of Writings by Her and about Her. Scarecrow Press, 1982.
6-7
Willard, Charity Cannon. Christine de Pizan: Her Life and Works. Persea, 1984.
39

1390: Dorotea Bocchi was appointed to the chair...

Building item

1390

Dorotea Bocchi was appointed to the chair of medicine and moral philosophy at the University of Bologna, which she held for forty years.
Olsen, Kirstin. Chronology of Women’s History. Greenwood, 1994.
51

1390: A new licensing procedure requiring a university...

Building item

1390

A new licensing procedure requiring a university education for the practice of medicine pushed women out of medical work in London.
Olsen, Kirstin. Chronology of Women’s History. Greenwood, 1994.
51

About June 1390: John Gower finished composing his only English...

Writing climate item

About June 1390

John Gower finished composing his only English poem, the miscellaneous collection of tales entitled Confessio Amantis; it was printed by William Caxton in 1483.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1391: Richard II introduced into England pocket...

Building item

1391

Richard II introduced into England pocket handkerchiefs, whose use was for blowing the nose.
Warren, Michael. “A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999”. Michael Warren’s Chronology, 6 Jan. 2003.

6 June 1391: A hostile mob of armed Christians mounted...

National or international item

6 June 1391

A hostile mob of armed Christians mounted an attack on the Jewish quarter of Seville in Spain.
Nirenberg, David. “Unrenounceable Core”. London Review of Books, Vol.
31
, No. 14, 23 July 2009, pp. 16-17.
16

Margery Kempe: 1393

Women writers item
Author event in Margery Kempe

1393

At about twenty Margery Brunham married John Kempe .
Kempe, Margery. “Introduction”. The Book of Margery Kempe, translated by. Barry A. Windeatt, Penguin, 1994, pp. 9-30.
10

Julian of Norwich: February 1393

Women writers item
Author event in Julian of Norwich

February 1393

Nearly twenty years after her visions, Julian of Norwich felt herself prepared to record their meaning.
Julian of Norwich,. “Introduction”. Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love, edited by Frances Beer, Carl Winter, 1978, pp. 7-37.
7

Christine de Pisan: By 1394

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

By 1394

After a course of self-education, Christine de Pisan began writing verse.
Willard, Charity Cannon. Christine de Pizan: Her Life and Works. Persea, 1984.
43-4
McLeod, Glenda P., and Christine de Pisan. “Introduction”. Christine de Pizan: Christine’s Vision, Garland, 1993, p. xi - lv.
xiii