Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Julian of Norwich: 1394

Women writers item
Author event in Julian of Norwich

1394

By this year, when she was fifty, Julian of Norwich was an anchoress: a separately-enclosed religious in a cell at the church of St Julian and St Edward at Conesford in Norwich.
Riddy, Felicity. “Julian of Norwich and Self-Textualization”. Editing Women, edited by Ann M. Hutchison, University of Toronto Press, 1998, pp. 101-24.
103

1397: Two books of ABC were bought for the daughters...

Building item

1397

Two books of ABC were bought for the daughters of the future Henry IV : Blanche, aged five, and Phillippa, aged three.
Orme, Nicholas. From Childhood to Chivalry: The Education of the English Kings and Aristocracy, 1066-1530. Methuen, 1984.
158

Christine de Pisan: May 1399

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

May 1399

Christine de Pisan finished L'épistre au dieu d'amours, a poem in reply to Jean de Meun 's Roman de la Rose.
Christine de Pisan,. Oeuvres poétiques de Christine de Pisan. Editor Roy, Maurice, Vol.
3 vols
, Firman Didot, 1886–1896.
II: 1
Yenal, Edith. Christine de Pisan: A Bibliography of Writings by Her and about Her. Scarecrow Press, 1982.
31

29 September 1399: Richard II abdicated from the throne at the...

National or international item

29 September 1399

Richard II abdicated from the throne at the Tower of London; in effect he was deposed, and the crown seized by Henry Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV .
Morgan, Kenneth O., editor. The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain. Oxford University Press, 1984.
192-3
Saul, Nigel. Richard II. Yale University Press, 1997.
420-1

Christine de Pisan: 1400

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

1400

Christine de Pisan finished her second major epistolary poem, L'épîstre d' Otéa.
Othea (the English form of the name) is an ancient Greek goddess.
McLeod, Glenda P., and Christine de Pisan. “Introduction”. Christine de Pizan: Christine’s Vision, Garland, 1993, p. xi - lv.
xiv

About 1400: An important manuscript book in Welsh, compiled...

Writing climate item

About 1400

An important manuscript book in Welsh, compiled this year, is now known as the Llyfr Coch o Hergest or Red Book of Hergest. It survives in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Hopcyn ap Tomas ab Einion

1400-50: During this half-century, one third of all...

Building item

1400-50

During this half-century, one third of all new saints canonised by the Catholic Church were women.
Robinson, Jane. Pandora’s Daughters: The Secret History of Enterprising Women. Constable, 2002.
21

Geoffrey Chaucer: 1400, perhaps 25 October

Writing climate item
Author event in Geoffrey Chaucer

1400, perhaps 25 October

GC , diplomat and poet, died in London.
The date is highly suspect, being based on an inscription of a hundred and fifty years later. Some commentators believe that Chaucer (who had recently rented...

1401: The statute De Heretico Comburendo began...

National or international item

1401

The statute De Heretico Comburendo began a period of persecution of Lollards in England that was to last until 1413.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
8: 70-1
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
89

1403: The Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London...

Writing climate item

1403

The Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London approved the formation of a fraternity or Guild of Stationers . Printers became dominant in the organization by the time it became the Stationers' Company and...

1404-1405: Owain Glyndŵr (Owen Glendower) held parliaments...

National or international item

1404-1405

Owain Glyndŵr (Owen Glendower ) held parliaments and planned for Welsh independence.
Griffiths, Ralph Alan. “The Later Middle Ages (1290-1485)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 166-22.
198

1404: In this year at least one woman was teaching...

Building item

1404

In this year at least one woman was teaching Latin grammar in England.
Olsen, Kirstin. Chronology of Women’s History. Greenwood, 1994.
58

Christine de Pisan: 1405

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

1405

Christine de Pisan wrote Le livre des trois vertus and finished writing Le livre de la cité des dames.
Yenal, Edith. Christine de Pisan: A Bibliography of Writings by Her and about Her. Scarecrow Press, 1982.
44-6
McLeod, Glenda P., and Christine de Pisan. “Introduction”. Christine de Pizan: Christine’s Vision, Garland, 1993, p. xi - lv.
xvi

1405-1406: A Statute of Artificers guaranteed parents'...

Building item

1405-1406

A Statute of Artificers guaranteed parents' rights to send sons and daughters to any school of their choosing.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
329
Simon, Joan. Education and Society in Tudor England. Cambridge University Press, 1966.
24

1406: The influential work of ancient astronomer...

Building item

1406

The influential work of ancient astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy) was translated into Latin.
Bunch, Bryan, and Alexander Hellemans. The Timetables of Technology. Simon and Schuster, 1993.
118

About 1411: The University of St Andrews was founded...

National or international item

About 1411

The University of St Andrews was founded by Henry Wardlaw , Bishop of St Andrews, Scotland.
Rashdall, Hastings. Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages. Editors Powicke, Sir Frederick Maurice and Alfred Brotherston Emden, Clarendon, 1987, 3 vols.
III: 302
Whitaker’s Almanack. 119th ed., J. Whitaker, 1987.
509
Some sources note that this founding could have taken place as early as 1410.

Christine de Pisan: Between 1412 and 14

Writing climate item
Author event in Christine de Pisan

Between 1412 and 14

CP addressed to the Dauphin of France, Louis de Guyenne , another book of political advice on how he ought to govern if he came to the throne: Le Livre de paix, or The...

1413: England's Statute of Additions stipulated...

National or international item

1413

England's Statute of Additions stipulated that legal documents begin recording the statuses, occupations, and places of abode in addition to the names of individuals involved in royal courts of law.
Masschaele, James. “The Renaissance Depression Debate: The View from England”. The History Teacher, Vol.
27
, No. 4, Aug. 1994, pp. 405-16.
415

20 March 1413: Henry IV died and his son succeeded to the...

National or international item

20 March 1413

Henry IV died and his son succeeded to the English throne as Henry V .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Margery Kempe: Shortly before June 1413

Women writers item
Author event in Margery Kempe

Shortly before June 1413

MK made the brief journey to Norwich to seek spiritual advice from the anchoress Julian . This consultation brought together the two most significant women writers of the age.
Kempe, Margery. The Book of Margery Kempe. Translator Windeatt, Barry A., Revised Edition, Penguin, 1994.
78

Margery Kempe: 23 June 1413

Women writers item
Author event in Margery Kempe

23 June 1413

At about forty, soon after her meeting with Julian , MK came to crisis point in a long-term spiritual struggle.
Kempe, Margery. The Book of Margery Kempe. Translator Windeatt, Barry A., Revised Edition, Penguin, 1994.
58, 305n1

Margery Kempe: About autumn 1413-May 1415

Women writers item
Author event in Margery Kempe

About autumn 1413-May 1415

MK made her pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Kempe, Margery. “Introduction”. The Book of Margery Kempe, translated by. Barry A. Windeatt, Penguin, 1994, pp. 9-30.
29

Sir Thomas Malory: Between 25 April 1415 and 22 May 1418

Writing climate item
Author event in Sir Thomas Malory

Between 25 April 1415 and 22 May 1418

Thomas Malory , narrator of Arthurian legends, was born, probably the only son and youngest child in his family.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

21 August 1415: The Portuguese capture of Ceuta, Morocco,...

National or international item

21 August 1415

The Portuguese capture of Ceuta, Morocco, opened Africa to European penetration.
Shyllon, Folarin Olanole. Black Slaves in Britain. Oxford University Press, 1974.
1
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
3: 244

25 October 1415: Henry V's victory over the French at Agincourt...

National or international item

25 October 1415

Henry V 's victory over the French at Agincourt initiated the peak period of English rule over France.
Griffiths, Ralph Alan. “The Later Middle Ages (1290-1485)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 166-22.
200, 209