Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Sarah Trimmer: 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Trimmer

1791

ST published A Companion to the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, which she followed with little books explaining, respectively, the sacraments of public baptism and of confirmation.
The Critical of...

Germaine de Staël: January 1791

Writing climate item
Author event in Germaine de Staël

January 1791

GS began holding salons which gathered together moderates in the days after the French Revolution; much of the new constitution was written in her house before the end of May this year.
Winegarten, Renee. Mme de Staël. Berg, 1985.
119

Ann Radcliffe: 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Radcliffe

1791

AR published her third gothic novel, The Romance of the Forest, as by the author of A Sicilian Romance.
Norton, Rictor. Mistress of Udolpho: The Life of Ann Radcliffe. Leicester University Press, 1999.
82

Hester Lynch Piozzi: 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

1791

HLP was working on some literary, political, and philosophical dialogues to be called Una and Duessa, which were designed to counter the writings of Helen Maria Williams .
Clifford, James L. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale). Clarendon Press, 1987.
359-60

Catherine Phillips: 1791-3

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Phillips

1791-3

CP published letters or pamphlets on various topics, political as well as religious.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Stéphanie-Félicité de Genlis: 1791

Writing climate item

1791

SFG visited England for a third time, but she came in exile because of the French Revolution.
Broglie, Gabriel de. Madame de Genlis. Librairie Académique Perrin, 1985.
235
Trousson, Raymond. Romans de femmes du XVIIIe siècle. Robert Laffont, 1996.
776

Catharine Macaulay: 1791-2

Women writers item
Author event in Catharine Macaulay

1791-2

CM 's History of England was translated into French, as an educational revolutionary text; Mirabeau was originally responsible for this undertaking.
Hill, Bridget. The Republican Virago: The Life and Times of Catharine Macaulay, Historian. Clarendon Press, 1992.
217

1791: Women were active in the sugar boycott this...

National or international item

1791

Women were active in the sugar boycott this year in support of abolition of the slave trade.
Colley, Linda. Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. Yale University Press, 1992.
278

1791: Anglo-Indians (that is males of mixed race)...

Building item

1791

Anglo-Indians (that is males of mixed race) were precluded from employment as officers in the Civil, Military or Marine services of the [East India] Company .
Neff, David Sprague. “Hostages to Empire: The Anglo-Indian Problem in Frankenstein, The Curse of Kehama, and The Missionary”. European Romantic Review, Vol.
8
, No. 4, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 1997, pp. 386-08.
389

1791: Charles Knight, publisher, was born at Windsor,...

Writing climate item

1791

Charles Knight , publisher, was born at Windsor, Berkshire.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

1791: Women industrial workers in Birmingham were...

Building item

1791

Women industrial workers in Birmingham were said to earn on average six shillings a week.
Christie, Ian. Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: Reflections on the British Avoidance of Revolution. Clarendon, 1984.
84-6

1791: Jeremy Bentham completed plans for the Panopticon,...

Building item

1791

Jeremy Bentham completed plans for the Panopticon, a model utilitarian prison.
Briggs, John et al. Crime and Punishment in England: An Introductory History. St Martin’s, 1996.
168

1791: Flogging was abolished for female prisoners...

Building item

1791

Flogging was abolished for female prisoners in Bridewell in London.
Weinreb, Ben, and Christopher Hibbert, editors. The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan, 1983.
87

1791: William Gilpin founded a parochial school...

Building item

1791

William Gilpin founded a parochial school in Hampshire in which boys were taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, but girls learned only reading, knitting, and sewing.
Adamson, John William. ’The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon’ and Other Essays on Education, Medieval and Modern. Cambridge University Press, 1946.
38

1791: Gilbert Wakefield published An Enquiry into...

Building item

1791

Gilbert Wakefield published An Enquiry into the Expediency and Propriety of Public or Social Worship, whose arguments were challenged in different ways by Anna Letitia Barbauld and Mary Hays .
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1791: William Gifford, in his satire The Baviad,...

Writing climate item

1791

William Gifford , in his satire The Baviad, became the first to attack the Della Cruscan body of poetry which notably included work by Robert Merry and Hannah Cowley .
McGann, Jerome. The Poetics of Sensibility: A Revolution in Literary Style. Clarendon, 1996.
74ff

1791: Isaac D'Israeli published the first volume...

Writing climate item

1791

Isaac D'Israeli published the first volume of his Curiosities of Literature, a collection of information and anecdote; volume two followed in 1793, then four more.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Amelia Opie: 4 January 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Amelia Opie

4 January 1791

Adelaide, a tragedy by Amelia Alderson (later AO ), was staged in a private theatre owned by Robert Plumptre , Prebend of Norwich, with herself in the title role.
Plumptre, Anne. “Introduction”. Something New, edited by Deborah McLeod, Broadview, 1996, p. vii - xxix.
ix, xxvi

Anna Maria Falconbridge: Just after 5 January 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Falconbridge

Just after 5 January 1791

AMF sailed with her husband for Sierra Leone, to re-launch the settlement of freed black people there.
Falconbridge, Anna Maria et al. “Two Voyages to Sierra Leone”. Maiden Voyages and Infant Colonies, edited by Deirdre Coleman, Leicester University Press, 1999, pp. 45-168.
48

Mary Leadbeater: 6 January 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Leadbeater

6 January 1791

Mary Shackleton married William Leadbeater , who had become a farmer when his joining the Quakers closed to him the career he had intended to pursue.
Leadbeater, Mary, and Mary Cunningham. The Annals of Ballitore, 1766-1824. Editor McKenna, John, Stephen Scroop, 1986.
51
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anne Marsh: 9 January 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Marsh

9 January 1791

Anne Caldwell was born at her father's estate of Linley Wood at Talke in Staffordshire. She was later known as AM , and later again as Anne Marsh-Caldwell; the house on the estate was...

January 1791: The musician Joseph Haydn arrived in Eng...

Building item

January 1791

The musician Joseph Haydn arrived in England.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
2nd ser. 2 (1791): 230-1

Mary, Lady Champion de Crespigny : 19 January 1791

Women writers item

19 January 1791

Mary Champion de Crespigny (who had already on 12 January attended Mariana Starke 's play The Widow of Malabar) took immense trouble to boost attendance for its third night, on which the author would...

Susanna Haswell Rowson: January 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Susanna Haswell Rowson

January 1791

SHR published with the Minerva Press the runaway best-seller Charlotte, A Tale of Truth, which is better known by its later title of Charlotte Temple; this time she published without her name.
Garside, Peter et al., editors. The English Novel 1770-1829. Oxford University Press, 2000, 2 vols.
1: 544

Ann Radcliffe: 23 January 1791-31 December 1792

Writing climate item
Author event in Ann Radcliffe

23 January 1791-31 December 1792

AR 's husband, William Radcliffe , was editor of the Gazetteer, a radical, Foxite, pro-French-Revolution paper.
Norton, Rictor. Mistress of Udolpho: The Life of Ann Radcliffe. Leicester University Press, 1999.
60-2, 92