Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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About 1590: Ralph Agas is thought to have made his woodcut...

Building item

About 1590

Ralph Agas is thought to have made his woodcut Agas picture-map of London, which was printed bearing the arms of James I , probably in 1633.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

c.1590-1601: John Donne composed the famous lyrics which...

Writing climate item

c.1590-1601

John Donne composed the famous lyrics which were posthumously published and later known as Songs and Sonnets.
Donne, John. “Chronological Table”. Complete Poetry and Selected Prose, edited by John Davy Hayward, Nonesuch Library, 1955, p. xi - xii.

1590: Christopher Hooke published a sermon in which...

Building item

1590

Christopher Hooke published a sermon in which he admonished women in pregnancy that only God's mercy could enable them to produce children that were not monsters.
Clark, Emma. “Metaphors of Motherhood: claiming back the female body in the poems of Mary Sidney and Mary Wroth”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
8
, No. 2, 2001, pp. 263-73.
264

23 January 1590: Edmund Spenser dated (using the old-style...

Writing climate item

23 January 1590

Edmund Spenser dated (using the old-style reckoning of 1589) his letter to Sir Walter Raleghexpounding his whole intention in the first three books of The Faerie Queene, which was published soon afterwards.
Spenser, Edmund. The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser. Editors Smith, James Cruikshank and Ernest De Selincourt, Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1916.
407-8, 394

Lady Anne Clifford: 30 January 1590

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Anne Clifford

30 January 1590

LAC was born at Skipton Castle in Craven, in the North Riding of Yorkshire.
Clifford, Lady Anne. Lives of Lady Anne Clifford Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery (1590-1676) and of Her Parents. Editor Gilson, Julius Parnell, Roxburghe Club, 1916.
1, 5

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 13 May 1590

Women writers item

13 May 1590

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke , completed a translation: A Discourse of Life and Death, from the French of Philippe Du Plessis de Mornay .
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
20

Lady Mary Wroth: Probably June to December 1590

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Mary Wroth

Probably June to December 1590

Mary Sidney (later LMW ) travelled with her mother to visit her father at Flushing, in the Netherlands (then an English possession), of which he was Governor.
Hannay, Margaret P. Mary Sidney, Lady Wroth. Ashgate, 2010.
xxvii
Roberts, Josephine A., and Lady Mary Wroth. “Introduction and Notes”. The Poems of Lady Mary Wroth, Louisiana State University Press, 1983, pp. 3 - 75, 219.
8

Late November 1590: An outbreak of witch-hunting centred on Tranent...

National or international item

Late November 1590

An outbreak of witch-hunting centred on Tranent in Haddingtonshire, Scotland (but named from nearby North Berwick), escalated when charges of seeking to harm the king were made against upper-class people.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under North Berwick witches; under James VI and I

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 26 November 1590

Women writers item

26 November 1590

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke , seems to have finished translating and adapting, from the French of Robert Garnier , a Senecan tragedy, Antonius.
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
20, 107

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 1591

Writing climate item

1591

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke , put out the first authorised edition of her brother Philip Sidney 's sonnet sequence, Astrophel and Stella, replacing two unauthorised, faulty editions of the same year.
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
84, 87

1591: Calligrapher Esther Inglis presented one...

Building item

1591

Calligrapher Esther Inglis presented one of her earliest works, a verse Discours de la foi, to Queen Elizabeth I .
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1591: The construction of Hardwick Hall at Hardwick,...

Building item

1591

The construction of Hardwick Hall at Hardwick, Derbyshire, for Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury ("Bess of Hardwick"), was begun.
Guy, John. “The Tudor Age (1485-1603)”. Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, edited by Kenneth O. Morgan, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 223-85.
278

Mary Ward: Early 1591-late 1594

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ward

Early 1591-late 1594

Between the ages of five and ten, MW was brought up by her grandmother Ursula Wright , her mother's mother, who had spent fourteen years in prison for her faith.
Peters, Henriette. Mary Ward: A World in Contemplation. Translator Butterworth, Helen, Gracewing Books, 1994.
34, 37, 17

Early August 1591: Sir John Harington's translation of Ariosto's...

Writing climate item

Early August 1591

Sir John Harington 's translation of Ariosto 's heroic romance Orlando Furioso (which means something like Roland Run Mad) was published.
Sidney, Sir Philip. “Critical Materials”. The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney, edited by William A., Jr Ringler, Clarendon Press, 1962, p. various pages.
563
Munby, Alan Noel Latimer. “Jane Austen’s Ariosto”. The Private Library, Vol.
4
, No. 3, July 1962, p. 46.
46

Margaret Hoby: 22 December 1591

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Hoby

22 December 1591

Three months after her first husband's death, the twenty-year-old Margaret Devereux (later MH ) married Thomas Sidney (younger brother of the poets Sir Philip Sidney and Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke ).
Hoby, Margaret. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby, 1599-1605, edited by Joanna Moody, Sutton, 1998, p. xv - lvii.
lv

1592-3: These were plague years in London; the theatres...

Building item

1592-3

These were plague years in London; the theatres were closed.
Rogers, Pat, editor. The Oxford Illustrated History of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 1987.
505
Shakespeare, William. “Introduction”. Sonnets, edited by Alfred Leslie Rowse, Macmillan, 1964, p. vii - xxxvii.
xx

4 February 1592: Samuel Daniel registered with the Stationers'...

Writing climate item

4 February 1592

Samuel Daniel registered with the Stationers' Company his collection of poems entitled Delia.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

26 February 1592: Christopher Marlowe's tragedy The Famous...

Writing climate item

26 February 1592

Christopher Marlowe 's tragedy The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta, his most cynical play, was performed at the Rose Theatre in London.
Arber, Edward, editor. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554-1660, A. D. Privately Printed, 1875–1894, 5 vols.
Nicholl, Charles. “Scribblers and Assassins”. London Review of Books, 31 Oct. 2002, pp. 30-3.
30
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

3 March 1592: The first part of William Shakespeare's Henry...

Writing climate item

3 March 1592

The first part of William Shakespeare 's Henry VI (not, however, the first part to be written) probably had its opening performance.
Kay, Dennis. Shakespeare: His Life, Work, and Era. William Morrow, 1992.
11, 97-8

3 March 1592: Elizabeth I granted the founding charter...

National or international item

3 March 1592

Elizabeth I granted the founding charter for Trinity College, Dublin.
Maxwell, Constantia. A History of Trinity College, Dublin, 1591-1892. University Press, Trinity College, 1946.
4-5
Foster, Robert Fitzroy. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Allen Lane, 1988.
49

3 April 1592: The early, anonymous tragedy Arden of Feversham...

Writing climate item

3 April 1592

The early, anonymous tragedy Arden of Feversham was entered in the Stationers' Register ; the title character is murdered by his adulterous wife.
Arber, Edward, editor. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554-1660, A. D. Privately Printed, 1875–1894, 5 vols.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.
Spedding, Patrick. A Bibliography of Eliza Haywood. Pickering and Chatto, 2003.
344-5

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 3 May 1592

Women writers item

3 May 1592

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke 's translated tragedy Antonius and her A Discourse of Life and Death were entered in the Stationers' Register by William Ponsonby .
Waller, Gary F. Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke: A Critical Study of Her Writings and Literary Milieu. University of Salzburg, 1979, http://BLC.
20

11 August 1592: Elizabeth Cooke, Lady Russell, hosts Elizabeth I at Bisham.

Building item

11 August 1592

Elizabeth Cooke, Lady Russell, hosts Elizabeth I at Bisham.
Kolkovich, Elizabeth Zeman. “Lady Russell, Elizabeth I, and Female Political Alliances through Performance”. English Literary Renaissance, Vol.
39
, No. 2, 2009, pp. 290-14.
290, 293

6 October 1592: Thomas Kyd registered with the Stationers'...

Writing climate item

6 October 1592

Thomas Kyd registered with the Stationers' CompanyThe Spanish Tragedy, which was anonymously published and staged the same year.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Aemilia Lanyer: 18 October 1592

Women writers item
Author event in Aemilia Lanyer

18 October 1592

Because Aemilia Bassano was pregnant by him, Lord Hunsdon arranged her marriage (at St Botolph, Aldgate) to another court musician, Alfonso Lanyer .
Woods, Susanne, and Aemilia Lanyer. “Introduction”. The Poems of Aemilia Lanyer, Oxford University Press, 1993, p. xv - li.
xviii