Nazis

In 1935 SJ 's thoughts were turning even more sharply toward the fearful certainty of another war: in her autobiography she describes her awareness of this certainty flicker[ing] continuously, just below the horizon, a lightning...

As Nazism and Fascism grew in Europe, MR became disillusioned with the pacifist movement and with the belief that war was the absolute, unique evil. She explained, I believe now that Nazi-ism is worse...

Their brief was in particular to assert the independence of the Scottish branch of PEN from the English branch. Having spent a good deal of time in Europe without paying close attention to the political...

In spring 1938 terrible stories were current in Cardiff about the treatment of Jews in NaziGermany. Most Welsh or English people disbelieved the stories, but not Jewish people. BR found herself, with her...

RF had been patriotically outraged at the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935 (which was presented as saving the country from British imperialism). Visiting Germany in 1937, when she found most young...

SB 's political activities included steady opposition to France's colonial war in Algeria, and lifelong support for socialism and feminism. Elaine Showalter has written that SB 's feminist credentials stem from her writing, and...

During World War One GHS became and remained a fully convinced pacifist, as did her husband. Years later, with Nazi Germany re-arming, she reluctantly ceased to be a pacifist. She resigned, painfully, from Dick Sheppard

It appears that at this date BP admired (as did so many German women of analogous background) the ritual, the pageantry, perhaps the swaggering masculinity connected with National Socialism . Some of her English friends...

During Storm Jameson 's presidency of the English branch of PEN International (which began early in 1938) the Schützes lent Glebe House for a two-day sale raising funds for refugees from the Nazis . GHS

Writer SB , having fled from Paris when the Nazis occupied it, returned and joined a Resistance network, more than fifty percent of whose members were dead before the end of the war.

ER , a strong anti-fascist, chaired a meeting of women's groups organized by the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship , to discuss the declining rights of German women under Nazism .

ER 's committee raised three hundred thousand pounds to fund the children's transport. Having begun with Spanish refugees, she became over the next few years deeply involved in the cause of refugees from Czecholovakia...

NC worked as a translator in London for the Free French , the French government-in-exile during the rule of Marshall Pétain 's Nazi -compliant Vichy government in France.

Meanwhile, because members of Constable 's were serving in the armed forces, HW went back to work in publishing. She became assistant editor of the Conservative monthly the Nineteenth Century and After (published by Constable)...

FWN was appointed at age 24 to the chair of classical philology at Basel University . He is unique among German philosophers for having become nearly a household word outside the academic world, thanks in...