Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Anne Killigrew: 16 June 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Killigrew

16 June 1685

AK died of smallpox at her father 's lodgings near Westminster Abbey.
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
299

Damaris Masham: 22 June 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Damaris Masham

22 June 1685

Damaris Cudworth became Lady Masham when she married Sir Francis Masham , a baronet and a relation of Cromwell and other distinguished individuals; he was a widower with a daughter and eight sons.
Locke, John. The Correspondence of John Locke. Editor De Beer, Esmond Samuel, Clarendon, 1976–1989, 8 vols.
2: 470-1

6 July 1685: The Duke of Monmouth's Rebellion, aimed at...

National or international item

6 July 1685

The Duke of Monmouth 's Rebellion, aimed at getting possession of the throne, ended in defeat at Sedgemoor in Somerset, with much loss of life.
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd revised, Simon and Schuster, 1991.
312

8 July 1685: News reached London of the defeat of Monmouth,...

National or international item

8 July 1685

News reached London of the defeat of Monmouth , Protestant contender for the throne of his Catholic uncle James II .
Evelyn, John. The Diary of John Evelyn. Editor De Beer, Esmond Samuel, Oxford University Press, 1959.
813

15 July 1685: The Duke of Monmouth was beheaded on Tower...

National or international item

15 July 1685

The Duke of Monmouth was beheaded on Tower Hill, following his attempt to seize the throne.
Evelyn, John. The Diary of John Evelyn. Editor De Beer, Esmond Samuel, Oxford University Press, 1959.
815

Aphra Behn: 1 August 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Aphra Behn

1 August 1685

AB was in dire financial straits, having borrowed £6 from a money-lender, Zachary Baggs.
Behn, Aphra. The Works of Aphra Behn. Editor Todd, Janet, William Pickering, 1992, 7 Vols.
2: x
Todd, Janet. The Secret Life of Aphra Behn. Rutgers University Press, 1997.
353

Anne Dacier: September 1685

Writing climate item
Author event in Anne Dacier

September 1685

Shortly before the revoking of the Edict of Nantes on 22 October (when as Protestants they would have lost their claim to tolerance and religious freedom) AD and her husband were received into the Roman Catholic Church

Anne Wharton: Late 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Wharton

Late 1685

AW 's work first reached print by the end of the year, in the form of two pieces included in Poems by Several Hands, and on Several Occasions (which was listed in the Term Catalogues...

Elizabeth Bathurst : Early October 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Bathurst

Early October 1685

An Elizabeth Bathurst , perhaps the writer, died in London at this time. Every printed source gives the writer's death date as 1685, though on 6 June 1691 her father wrote that the wound of...

22 October 1685: The Edict of Nantes, enforcing tolerance...

National or international item

22 October 1685

The Edict of Nantes, enforcing tolerance of Protestants in France, was revoked; French Protestant refugees began to flow into England.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
838
Feminist Companion Archive.
312

Anne Wharton: 29 October 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Wharton

29 October 1685

AW , aged twenty-six, died at Adderbury, another of her family's manors near Woodstock; most reports mentioned convulsions before her death.
She suffered long and intensely. Her editors rehearse the possibilities: syphilis, epilepsy...

Anne Killigrew: November 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Killigrew

November 1685

After her death, AK 's grieving father posthumously published a volume of her Poems.
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
299

Mary, Countess Cowper : 8 November 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Mary, Countess Cowper

8 November 1685

Mary Clavering (later MCC ) was born, the elder of her parents' two surviving children.
Cowper, Mary, Countess. Diary. Editor Cowper, Charles Spencer, John Murray, 1864.
14
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Ephelia: November 1685

Women writers item
Author event in Ephelia

November 1685

Mary Stuart, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond , who may have been the poet Ephelia , died a Catholic convert, after a long illness.
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Mulvihill, Maureen E. “’Butterfly’ of the Restoration Court: A Preview of Lady Mary Villiers, the New ’Ephelia’ Candidate”. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews, Vol.
9
, No. 4, 1 Sept.–30 Nov. 1996, pp. 25-39.
29

Aphra Behn: 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Aphra Behn

1686

AB published, through William Canning , a free translation and expansion from Balthazar de Bonnecorse entitled La Montre; or, The Lover's Watch.
Todd, Janet. The Secret Life of Aphra Behn. Rutgers University Press, 1997.
377-9

1686: John Shirley published The Illustrious History...

Writing climate item

1686

John Shirley published The Illustrious History of Women; Or, A Compendium of the Many Virtues that Adorn the Female Sex.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1686: John Bunyan's A Book for Boys and Girls;...

Building item

1686

John Bunyan 's A Book for Boys and Girls; or, Country Rhimes for Children was published.
Bunyan, John. A Book for Boys and Girls; or, Country Rhimes for Children. Printed for N. P., 1686.
Demers, Patricia, and Robert Gordon Moyles, editors. From Instruction to Delight: An Anthology of Children’s Literature to 1850. Oxford University Press, 1982.
42-4

1686: Madame de Maintenon founded, in a nunnery...

Building item

1686

Madame de Maintenon founded, in a nunnery at St Cyr near Paris, a school for impoverished noble girls. Closed with other convents at the Revolution, the institution re-opened in 1808 as a school for...

Anne Wharton: February 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Wharton

February 1686

A caveat was entered at the Stationers' Company to prevent the printing of AW 's verse drama Love's Martyr and some of her poems.
Wharton, Anne. “Introduction”. The Surviving Works of Anne Wharton, edited by Germaine Greer and Selina Hastings, Stump Cross Books, 1997, pp. 1-124.
108

Dorothy White: 6 February 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Dorothy White

6 February 1686

DW died of a fever in London, according to early records, not long after her last published appeal to Quakers not to forget their heroic and radical past.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Barbara Blaugdone: Perhaps early 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Barbara Blaugdone

Perhaps early 1686

BB (future autobiographer) wrote and delivered a political letter to James II protesting about the treatment of Quakers .
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

March 1686: James II's General Pardon and Royal Warrant...

National or international item

March 1686

James II 's General Pardon and Royal Warrant released another batch of persecuted Quakers from prison.
Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Macmillan, 1994.
xv-xvi

Elizabeth Delaval: 1 April 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Delaval

1 April 1686

At about thirty-eight but giving her age as thirty, the widowed Lady ED married a man of about twenty-two, Henry Hatcher (or Thatcher) of Kirby in Lincolnshire, who was later a military captain and...

Aphra Behn: 23 April 1686

Women writers item
Author event in Aphra Behn

23 April 1686

AB 's comedy The Luckey Chance; or, An Alderman's Bargain was licensed; it had probably already opened at Drury Lane with the new United Company .
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.

About 5 May 1686: Protestants were massacred in the Duchy of...

National or international item

About 5 May 1686

Protestants were massacred in the Duchy of Savoy.
Evelyn, John. The Diary of John Evelyn. Editor De Beer, Esmond Samuel, Oxford University Press, 1959.
846