Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Frances Trollope: Around 2 June 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Trollope

Around 2 June 1849

FT published the three-volume novelThe Lottery of Marriage, which is again concerned with marriage as a form of servitude for women.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1127 (1849): 563

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington: 4 June 1849

Women writers item

4 June 1849

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington , died of heart disease in Paris, where she had lived for only a couple of months.
Molloy, Joseph Fitzgerald. The Most Gorgeous Lady Blessington. 4th ed., Downey, 1896.
440-1

George Eliot: 12 June 1849

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

12 June 1849

In the wake of her father 's death, Mary Ann Evans (later GE ) sailed from Folkestone to Calais, en route for a tour of Europe with her friends the Brays.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
69
Hands, Timothy. A George Eliot Chronology. G. K. Hall, 1989.
12

23 June 1849: Louisa Nottidge's relatives were were put...

Building item

23 June 1849

Louisa Nottidge 's relatives were were put on trial for confining her against her will in a lunatic asylum; she was awarded £50 damages.
Mitchell, Sally. Frances Power Cobbe: Victorian Feminist, Journalist, Reformer. University of Virginia Press, 2004.
72, 74

30 June 1849: A weekly periodical for women entitled The...

Writing climate item

30 June 1849

A weekly periodical for women entitled The Domestic Journal and Home Miscellany of Instruction and Amusement began publication in London.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
5

Elizabeth Gaskell: By July 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

By July 1849

While staying near the village of Ambleside in the Lake District, EG met William Wordsworth and received his autograph.
Gill, Stephen. William Wordsworth. A Life. Clarendon, 1989.
410 and n57
Uglow, Jennifer S. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. Faber and Faber, 1993.
231-2

Julia Wedgwood: Summer 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Wedgwood

Summer 1849

Sixteen-year-old JW visited the holidaying Gaskell family at Skelwith in Little Langdale, near Ambleside in the Lake District.
Uglow, Jennifer S. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. Faber and Faber, 1993.
231-2

Harriet Taylor: July 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Taylor

July 1849

HT 's husband John Taylor died of cancer in her care.
Rose, Phyllis. Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages. Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
118

7 July 1849: George Meredith's first published work, the...

Writing climate item

7 July 1849

George Meredith 's first published work, the poem Chillianwallah, appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal.
Meredith, George. Poems. Surrey ed., Vol.
3 vols.
, Times Book Club, 1912.
1

26 July 1849: A convention at Kingston, Ontario, proposed...

National or international item

26 July 1849

A convention at Kingston, Ontario, proposed annexing Canada with the US, following a depression caused by the loss of Canadian economic preference in the UK.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 466
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
835

28 July 1849: The Encumbered Estates Act began to rationalize...

National or international item

28 July 1849

The Encumbered Estates Act began to rationalize Irish land titles, in a move towards English-style capitalist land ownership.
MacDonagh, Oliver. Ireland: the Union and its Aftermath. George Allen and Unwin, 1977.
23, 45
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
“Encumbered Estates”. The Public Records Office of Northern Ireland: Records.

28 July 1849: An Act to Protect Women Under Twenty-One...

National or international item

28 July 1849

An Act to Protect Women Under Twenty-One From Fraudulent Practices to Procure Their Defilement was passed; the act was ineffectual and not enforced.
Bristow, Edward. Vice and Vigilance: Purity Movements in Britain Since 1700. Gill and Macmillan, 1977.
61
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

August 1849: Austrian troops conquered the Venetian Republic...

National or international item

August 1849

Austrian troops conquered the Venetian Republic after a four-month siege, during which thousands of Venetians died.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
189

Queen Victoria: 3 August-10 August 1849

National or international item
Author event in Queen Victoria

3 August-10 August 1849

QV and her family made their initial visit to Ireland.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press, 1996.
xv

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 4 August 1849

Women writers item

4 August 1849

Jane Francesca Elgee (later JFLW ) anonymously published her translation Sidonia the Sorceress from the original German by Wilhelm Meinhold , in two volumes.
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
53
Thesing, William B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 199. Gale Research, 1999.
199: 301
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1136 (4 August 1849): 786-9

13 August 1849: Hungary was reconquered for the Hapsburgs...

National or international item

13 August 1849

Hungary was reconquered for the Hapsburgs when the Hungarian army surrendered to the Russian commander.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Capital 1848-1875. Abacus, 1975.
27, 32
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
161

May Crommelin: 30 August 1849

Women writers item
Author event in May Crommelin

30 August 1849

MC was born at Carrowdore Castle near Millisle in County Down.
“May Crommelin (Maria Henriette de la Cherois-Crommelin) (1849 - 1930)”. Crommelin Family, The Netherlands.
Crommelin, May. “Introduction”. Orange Lily, edited by Philip Robinson, Ullans Press, 2017, p. vii - xi.
vii

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Autumn 1849

Women writers item

Autumn 1849

EBB met American feminist Margaret Fuller , by then Margaret Fuller Ossoli, a year before the latter's death.
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
239-40
Hewlett, Dorothy. Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Cassell, 1953.
243

Elizabeth Sewell: September 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Sewell

September 1849

ES was taken on holiday in the year after her mother died, by Captain and Lady Jane Swinburne (parents of the young Algernon Charles Swinburne ), to the Lakes of Westmorland and Capheaton in Northumberland.
Sewell, Elizabeth. The Autobiography of Elizabeth M. Sewell. Editor Sewell, Eleanor L., Longmans, Green, 1907.
106
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Sarah Orne Jewett: 3 September 1849

Writing climate item
Author event in Sarah Orne Jewett

3 September 1849

SOJ was born in South Berwick, Maine.
Silverthorne, Elizabeth. Sarah Orne Jewett: A Writer’s Life. Overlook Press, 1993.
24

Anna Brownell Jameson: 4 September 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

4 September 1849

Gerardine Bate disappointed her aunt ABJ by marrying Robert Macpherson , a poor artist whom she had met in Rome in 1847.
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
xiii
Thomas, Clara. Love and Work Enough: The Life of Anna Jameson. University of Toronto Press, 1967.
174-5

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 15 September 1849

Women writers item

15 September 1849

Jane Francesca Elgee contributed to the Nation a glowing review of the Beauties of Boyne and Blackwater by William Robert Wilde , her future husband.
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
54

Anne Marsh: By mid-September 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Marsh

By mid-September 1849

AM published Tales of the First French Revolution; she writes as the author of Emilia Wyndham but as the collector (that is, translator, not the originator) of these tales.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Fredrika Bremer: 22 September 1849

Writing climate item
Author event in Fredrika Bremer

22 September 1849

Already a seasoned European traveller, FB sailed from England for two years touring the USA from the north to the southern states, and also visiting Cuba. Her writing was was highly valued in America;...

Edgar Allan Poe: 7 October 1849

Writing climate item
Author event in Edgar Allan Poe

7 October 1849

EAP , short-story writer and poet, died under mysterious circumstances (possibly of rabies) in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kimbel, Bobby Ellen, and William E. Grant, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 74. Gale Research, 1988.
74: 319
Rooke, Constance, and Leon Rooke, editors. “Editorial Materials”. The Writer’s Path: An Introduction to Short Fiction, ITP Nelson, 1998, p. various pages.
681