Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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9 October 1849: Rufus Griswold (later editor and publicist...

Writing climate item

9 October 1849

Rufus Griswold (later editor and publicist of Edgar Allan Poe ) published Poe's now-famous poem Annabel Lee in the New York Daily Tribune in an obituary two days after the author's mysterious death.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
774
Borne Back Daily. 2001, http://borneback.com/ .
9 October 2008

Sarah Austin: 18 October 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Austin

18 October 1849

SA received a Civil List pension of £100 in consideration of the services which she has rendered to literature, especially by her translation of German works.
Colles, William Morris. Literature and the Pension List. Henry Glaisher, 1889.

Dinah Mulock Craik: By 20 October 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

By 20 October 1849

Dinah Mulock 's first novel, The Ogilvies, appeared anonymously in three volumes.
Fredeman, William E., and Ira Bruce Nadel, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 35. Gale Research, 1985.
35: 41
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1147 (1849): 1055-7

Charlotte Brontë: 26 October 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

26 October 1849

CB 's Shirley, a novel about industrial strife, was published in three volumes under the pseudonym Currer Bell.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
609

Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, first Baron Lytton: By 27 October 1849

Writing climate item

By 27 October 1849

Edward Bulwer-Lytton published another successful novel: The Caxtons, A Family Picture, first serialised in Blackwood's Magazine.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1148 (1849): 1082
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Charlotte Brontë: November 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

November 1849

Elizabeth Gaskell initiated her friendship with CB by her sympathetic comments about the sickbed scenes in Shirley.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
615

George Sand: November 1849

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

November 1849

GS 's dramatisation of her novel François le Champi enjoyed a successful run at the Paris Odéon .
Jordan, Ruth. George Sand: A Biographical Portrait. Taplinger, 1976.
266

Florence Nightingale : November 1849-April 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

November 1849-April 1850

FN toured Egypt and Greece with her friends Selina and Charles Bracebridge .
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 271

Margaret Oliphant: Around 10 November 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

Around 10 November 1849

Margaret Wilson (later MO ) published her first novel, Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland, of SunnysideWritten by Herself, in three volumes, with Colburn of London.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1150 (1849): 1144

13 November 1849: William Etty died: a genre painter, Etty...

Building item

13 November 1849

William Etty died: a genre painter, Etty was one few English artists of his time to concentrate almost exclusively on nudes.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
275
Chilvers, Ian, editor. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. Oxford University Press, 1990.
150

Charlotte Guest: By mid-November 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Guest

By mid-November 1849

Lady CG completed the publication in three volumes of her transcription of Middle Welsh romances with new verse translations: titled The Mabinogion, though only four of the twelve tales are properly the Mabinogi.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1149-51
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Frances Hodgson Burnett: 24 November 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Hodgson Burnett

24 November 1849

Frances Eliza Hodgson (later FHB ) was born at what is now 358 Cheetham Hill Road in Manchester, the third child and first girl in a family of five.
Gerzina, Gretchen. Frances Hodgson Burnett. Chatto and Windus, 2004.
13

Emma Robinson: By 24 November 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Robinson

By 24 November 1849

ER , as the author of Whitefriars, etc. but posing as an editor, published The Maid of Orleans, a historical novel about Joan of Arc .
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1152(1849): 1177
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Charlotte Brontë: 29 November-15 December 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

29 November-15 December 1849

CB visited London, where she met Thackeray and Harriet Martineau , both of whom she admired.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
617-22

Hannah Cullwick: End of 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cullwick

End of 1849

HC went to work in the family of a clergyman whose name was Scotsman , in Lincolnshire.
Cullwick, Hannah. “Introduction and Notes”. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant, edited by Liz Stanley, Rutgers University Press, 1984, pp. 1 - 28, passim.
298

December 1849: Thomas Carlyle published his racist Occasional...

Building item

December 1849

Thomas Carlyle published his racist Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question in Fraser's.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
2: 407

10 December 1849: Marian Rebecca Hughes received approval to...

Building item

10 December 1849

Marian Rebecca Hughes received approval to found the Anglican Society of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in Little St Edward's, West Malvern, Worcestershire.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
288, 291

Charlotte Godley: 13 December 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Godley

13 December 1849

CG and her family set sail from Plymouth in Devon, heading for New Zealand, where her husband was to take up new employment.
Kilbracken, John Raymond Godley, third Baron, and Charlotte Godley. “Introduction”. Letters from Early New Zealand, edited by John Raymond Godley, third Baron Kilbracken and John Raymond Godley, third Baron Kilbracken, Whitcombe and Tombs, 1951, p. xi - xv.
xiii

15 December 1849: The weekly Domestic Journal and Home Miscellany...

Writing climate item

15 December 1849

The weekly Domestic Journal and Home Miscellany of Instruction and Amusement ended publication in London.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
5

Anne Marsh: 23 December 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Marsh

23 December 1849

AM 's husband died after twenty-five years of marriage.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Anna Leonowens: 25 December1849

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Leonowens

25 December1849

Ann Harriet Edwards married Thomas Lean (or Leon) Owens , a military pay clerk, at Poona. Her self-devised name, AL , came later.
Most sources give his name as Thomas Leon Owens. The Oxford...

Jane Loudon: 31 December 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Loudon

31 December 1849

A new periodical, a weekly, The Ladies' Companion: At Home and Abroad, was launched with JL as its editor. It continued until 1851.
Howe, Bea. Lady with Green Fingers. Country Life, 1961.
11, 176
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

Grace Aguilar: 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

1850

GA 's domestic novel Woman's Friendship was issued posthumously. She had passionately defended her choice of topic by citing the authority of Shakespeare .
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 1850

Women writers item

1850

Barbara Leigh Smith and Bessie Rayner Parkes travelled throughout Europe without a chaperone, visiting Belgium, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
56-7

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 1850

Women writers item

1850

Barbara Leigh Smith (later BLSB ) and Bessie Rayner Parkes met Dr Elizabeth Blackwell , then the western world's only qualified female physician.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
58-9