Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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By 6 January 1849: William Harrison Ainsworth's historical novel...

Writing climate item

By 6 January 1849

William Harrison Ainsworth 's historical novel The Lancashire Witches: A Romance of Pendle Forest (about a real witch-hunt of 1612) appeared in volume form.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1106 (6 January 1849): 3
Locke, Harold. A Bibliographical Catalogue of the Published Novels and Ballads of William Harrison Ainsworth. E. Mathews, 1925.
31-3

Mary Howitt: Early 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Howitt

Early 1849

MH published Our Cousins in Ohio, a sequel to The Children's Year for which she used the letters and diary of her now-dead emigrant sister Emma .
Joy Dunicliff exchanges the titles of the...

Harriet Martineau: By 27 January 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

By 27 January 1849

HM published Household Education, a guide to child-rearing that turned out to be among her most popular books.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
qtd. in
Mozley, Dorothea, editor. Newman Family Letters. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1962.
182
Sanders, Valerie. Reason over Passion: Harriet Martineau and the Victorian Novel. Harvester Press, 1986.
215

29 January 1849: The National Parliamentary and Financial...

National or international item

29 January 1849

The National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association was founded to unite Chartists and radicals.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
48, 134

Harriet Tytler: 1 February 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Tytler

1 February 1849

HT gave birth in India to her first child, a son christened Frederick John Lucas, who lived until 1912.
“Tytler Family Tree”. Anglo Indian Family Trees & their Links through Surnames.
Tytler, Harriet, and Philip Mason. An Englishwoman in India. Editor Sattin, Anthony, Oxford University Press, 1986.
71

Ann Taylor Gilbert: February 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Taylor Gilbert

February 1849

ATG wrote to Anne Knight expressing opposition to women's suffrage.
Gilbert, Ann Taylor. Autobiography and Other Memorials of Mrs. Gilbert. Editor Gilbert, Josiah, H. S. King, 1874, 2 vols., http://U of A, HSS Ruth N .
2: 185-8

February 1849: Matthew Arnold published his first volume...

Writing climate item

February 1849

Matthew Arnold published his first volume of poetry, The Strayed Reveller, and Other Poems, anonymously under the initial A.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1144 (29 Sept. 1849): 982-3
Neiman, Fraser. Matthew Arnold. Twayne, 1968.
9

Mary Ann Cavendish Bradshaw: 14 February 1849

Women writers item

14 February 1849

MACB died at the age of ninety-one.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
119 (1849): 1: 438
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.

Harriet Smythies: 19 February 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Smythies

19 February 1849

HS 's second son, William Gordon Smythies , was born.
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Summers, Montague. “Mrs. Gordon Smythies”. Modern Language Notes, Vol.
60
, No. 6, June 1945, pp. 359-64.
361

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington: March 1849

Women writers item

March 1849

Marguerite Blessington was overcome by financial difficulties amounting to bankruptcy, and had to put her belongings up for auction.
Molloy, Joseph Fitzgerald. The Most Gorgeous Lady Blessington. 4th ed., Downey, 1896.
431-2

Jane Williams: From March 1849 to February 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Williams

From March 1849 to February 1850

JW 's Cambrian Tales were serialized in Ainsworth's Magazine.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.

March 1849: Having been defeated by the Austrians at...

National or international item

March 1849

Having been defeated by the Austrians at Novara, Charles Albert abdicated the throne of Piedmont; he was succeeded by Victor Emmanuel II .
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
186, 274

March 1849: The Select Committee on Public Libraries...

Building item

March 1849

The Select Committee on Public Libraries was appointed; William Ewart , chair, worked closely with Edward Edwards to write the report that became the basis for the Public Libraries Bill of February 1850.
Black, Alistair. A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Political Contexts, 1850-1914. Leicester University Press, 1996.
68, 71, 74-5
Kelly, Thomas. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain 1845-1975. 2nd ed., Library Association, 1977.
12

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 9 March 1849

Women writers item

9 March 1849

EBB 's only son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning , nicknamed Penini or Pen, was born following the only one of her five pregnancies to come to term.
Taplin, Gardner B. The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Yale University Press, 1957.
222

Felicia Skene: By 17 March 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Felicia Skene

By 17 March 1849

FS anonymously published her first novel, Use and Abuse, A Tale.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1116 (1849): 276

Mary Ann Shadd Cary: 23 March 1849

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Ann Shadd Cary

23 March 1849

The career of Mary Ann Shadd (later Cary) in political writing began with the publication of a Letter she had written to Frederick Douglass in the current issue of his periodical, the North Star.
Cary, Mary Ann Shadd. “Letter”. North Star, edited by Frederick Douglass, 23 Mar. 1849, pp. 32-3.
32-3

28 March 1849: The Frankfurt Assembly elected Prussia's...

National or international item

28 March 1849

The Frankfurt Assembly elected Prussia's King Frederick William IV as Emperor of Germany.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
176
Sheehan, James J. “The German States and the European Revolution”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 246-79.
272

Harriet Martineau: By 31 March 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

By 31 March 1849

The first volume appeared of HM 's two-volume The History of England During the Thirty Years' Peace: 1816-1846. It had been issued in the form of numbers before its publication in book form.
Martineau, Harriet, and Gaby Weiner. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography. Virago, 1983, 2 vols.
2: 320
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

31 March 1849: The actress Anna Cora Mowatt's play Armand;...

Women writers item

31 March 1849

The actress Anna Cora Mowatt 's play Armand; or, the Peer and the Peasant opened at the Marylebone Theatre .
Mullin, Donald C. Victorian Plays: A Record of Significant Productions on the London Stage, 1837-1901. Greenwood Press, 1987.
13
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1118 (31 March 1849): 322

1849: The first bombing raid from the air occurred...

National or international item

1849

The first bombing raid from the air occurred when a pilotless Montgolfier balloon was used to drop bombs on Venice.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
319

: Dante Gabriel Rossetti's painting The Girlhood...

Building item

Spring 1849

Dante Gabriel Rossetti 's painting The Girlhood of Mary Virgin (featuring Christina Rossetti as its model) appearing at the Free Exhibition at Hyde Park Gallery , was the first to display the initials of the...

3 April 1849: Frederick William IV's refusal of the imperial...

National or international item

3 April 1849

Frederick William IV 's refusal of the imperial crown of Germany signalled the end of the Frankfurt Assembly, which collapsed in December 1849.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
176-7, 256

Emma Robinson: By 7 April 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Robinson

By 7 April 1849

ER published the three-volume Owen Tudor , An Historical Romance as the author of Whitefriars and Caesar Borgia.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1119 (1849): 356

Elizabeth Rigby: April 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

April 1849

ER married Charles Eastlake at St John the Evangelist's Church in Edinburgh.
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
66

Elizabeth Rigby: April 1849

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

April 1849

After their wedding, ER and her husband, Charles Eastlake , settled at 7 Fitzroy Square, London.
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
66
Rigby, Elizabeth. “Preface and Memoirs”. Journals and Correspondence of Lady Eastlake, edited by Charles Eastlake Smith, J. Murray, 1895, p. Various pages.
1: 225