Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Lydia Howard Sigourney: 1 September 1791

Writing climate item
Author event in Lydia Howard Sigourney

1 September 1791

Lydia Howard Huntley (later LHS ) was born in Norwich, Connecticut, USA, her parents' only child.
Kunitz, Stanley J., and Howard Haycraft, editors. American Authors, 1600-1900: A Biographical Dictionary of American Literature. H. W. Wilson, 1938.
690

By September 1791: William Cowper published, with Joseph Johnson,...

Writing climate item

By September 1791

William Cowper published, with Joseph Johnson , his blank-verse translations of Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey: a version designed to supersede Pope 's translation in heroic couplets.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
61 (1791): 845

September 1791: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and...

Building item

September 1791

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizeness, dedicated to the Queen, by Olympe de Gouges (formerly Marie Gouze), was published.
Elson Roessler, Shirley. Out of the Shadows: Women and Politics in the French Revolution, 1789-95. Peter Lang, 1996.
65,75
Godineau, Dominique. The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution. Translator Streip, Katherine, University of California Press, 1998.
101

Autumn 1791: Anti-slavery campaigners William Wilberforce...

National or international item

Autumn 1791

Anti-slavery campaigners William Wilberforce and Henry Thornton launched the Sierra Leone Company , which sought to resettle former slaves on the west coast of Africa, and to promote legitimate trade with the region.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Wilberforce

3 September 1791: France became a constitutional monarchy,...

National or international item

3 September 1791

France became a constitutional monarchy, in which (as in England) suffrage was restricted to property-owners.
Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.
216
Godineau, Dominique. The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution. Translator Streip, Katherine, University of California Press, 1998.
369

Giuseppe Gioachino Belli: 7 September 1791

Writing climate item
Author event in Giuseppe Gioachino Belli

7 September 1791

GGB , Italian poet, was born in Rome.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Chisholm, Hugh, editor. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eleventh, Cambridge University Press, 1911.

Mary Robinson: About 10 September 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Robinson

About 10 September 1791

The Oracle published MR 's poem The Maniac (here titled Insanity).
Robinson, Mary. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson. Editor Levy, Moses Joseph, Peter Owen, 1994.
165

Mary Scott: 11 September 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Scott

11 September 1791

MS 's son, John Edward Taylor (who became the founder of the Manchester Guardian, later The Guardian), was born at Ilminster in Somerset.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

14 September 1791: Louis XVI accepted the new French consti...

National or international item

14 September 1791

Louis XVI accepted the new French constitution.
The historian John Paxton reports this date as 13 September 1791.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
xi
Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.
216

Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe: From late September 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe

From late September 1791

EPS kept a five-year diary of her travels in Canada with her husband and two of her small children; this was in addition to her letters home.
Fryer, Mary Beacock. Elizabeth Posthuma Simcoe, 1762-1850, A Biography. Dundurn Press, 1989.
38, 39

27 September 1791: Jews were granted full citizenship in the...

National or international item

27 September 1791

Jews were granted full citizenship in the new French state.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
xi

30 September 1791: Mozart's last opera, Die Zauberflöte or The...

Building item

30 September 1791

Mozart 's last opera, Die Zauberflöte or The Magic Flute (strictly not an opera but a singspiel because of its spoken passages) opened in Vienna.
Brockway, Wallace, and Herbert Weinstock. The World of Opera. Methuen, 1963.

30 September 1791: The French National Assembly was dissolved;...

National or international item

30 September 1791

The FrenchNational Assembly was dissolved; next day it was replaced by the Legislative Assembly , which ran until 20 September 1792.
Kafker, Frank A., and James M. Laux, editors. The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. 4th ed., R. E. Krieger, 1989.
xi
Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.
216

Eliza Parsons: By October 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Parsons

By October 1791

EP switched from Hookham to William Lane of the Minerva Press for her second, heavily didactic novel, The Errors of Education.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
2nd ser. 3 (1791): 234

Laetitia-Matilda Hawkins : By October 1791

Women writers item

By October 1791

Thomas Hookham issued Memoirs of a Scots Heiress. Addressed to the Right Honourable Lady Catherine xxx, a novel by LMH (not Eliza Kirkham Strong, later Mathews ) as by the Author of Constance, etc...

October 1791: Wolfe Tone, on a three-week visit to Belfast,...

National or international item

October 1791

Wolfe Tone , on a three-week visit to Belfast, founded a United Irish Society or club of United Irishmen.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Elizabeth, Margravine of Anspach: 13 October 1791

Women writers item

13 October 1791

Sixteen days after her first husband died, Lady Elizabeth Craven married her lover, the Margrave of Anspach , at Lisbon in Portugalwith great pomp, wearing white satin and diamonds.
qtd. in
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Maria Edgeworth: Late 1791 to late 1793

Women writers item
Author event in Maria Edgeworth

Late 1791 to late 1793

ME stayed at Clifton near Bristol with her father , stepmother, and her six younger siblings (all but the toddler).
Butler, Marilyn. Maria Edgeworth: A Literary Biography. Clarendon, 1972.
104, 114

November 1791: The Sheffield Constitutional Society, a working-class...

National or international item

November 1791

The SheffieldConstitutional Society , a working-class reform association, was formed.
Goodwin, Albert. The Friends of Liberty: The English Democratic Movement in the Age of the French Revolution. Hutchinson, 1979.
159, 167

Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe: 11 November 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe

11 November 1791

EPS arrived in harbour at Quebec with her two youngest children and her husband , who had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada (now newly separated from Lower).
Fryer, Mary Beacock. Elizabeth Posthuma Simcoe, 1762-1850, A Biography. Dundurn Press, 1989.
47

Mary Wollstonecraft: 13 November 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Wollstonecraft

13 November 1791

MW met William Godwin for the first time, but according to their daughter the meeting produced no desire on either side to follow up the acquaintance.
Conger, Syndy McMillen. “Multivocality in Mary Shelley’s Unfinished Memoirs of Her Father”. European Romantic Review, Vol.
9
, No. 3, 1998, pp. 303-22.
316

Margaret Bingham, Countess Lucan: Late November 1791

Women writers item

Late November 1791

Horace Walpole received from a mutual friend, the Countess of Upper Ossory , some verses by MBCL (whom the big Yale edition of Walpole's correspondence is unable to identify).
Walpole, Horace. The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole’s Correspondence. Editor Lewis, Wilmarth Sheldon, Yale edition, Yale University Press, 1937–1983, 48 vols.
34:131)

Jane Cave: December 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Cave

December 1791

JC (now Jane Winscom) got up a subscription and successfully delivered a poor widow from Exeter prison, where she was held for debt.
Cave, Jane. Poems on Various Subjects. 4th ed., N. Biggs, 1794.
145

Hannah Cowley: 3 December 1791

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cowley

3 December 1791

HC 's generically hybrid spectacular play with music or comic opera, A Day in Turkey; or, The Russian Slaves, opened at Covent Garden to great acclaim.
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.
5: 1409
Escott, Angela. The Celebrated Hannah Cowley. Pickering and Chatto, 2012.
1

4 December 1791: The Observer began publication as a weekly...

Writing climate item

4 December 1791

The Observer began publication as a weekly paper in London; it was still running as a Sunday paper in the early twenty-first century.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.