Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1 January 1600: Scotland, by decree of its Privy Council...

National or international item

1 January 1600

Scotland, by decree of its Privy Council and a century and half before England, changed the official date of New Year from 25 March to 1 January.
GENUKI: UK & Ireland Genealogy. http://www.genuki.org.uk/.

1600: The Apothecaries' Guild began to give advice,...

Building item

1600

The Apothecaries' Guild began to give advice, prescription and diagnosis, rather than just compounding medication.
Dingwall, Robert et al. An Introduction to the Social History of Nursing. Routledge, 1988.
17

By 1600: Playing cards came into use in England from...

Building item

By 1600

Playing cards came into use in England from France: these two countries favoured a king and queen in each suit, a variant of the form used by used by other European countries, which featured...

1600: 15-20% of the English population were reckoned...

Writing climate item

1600

15-20% of the English population were reckoned to be literate.
Hunter, J. Paul. Before Novels: The Cultural Contexts of Eighteenth Century English Fiction. W. W. Norton, 1990.
66

About 1600: The ballad Mary Ambree first appeared in...

Building item

About 1600

The ballad Mary Ambree first appeared in London; it stayed in print for two centuries in various forms, its heroine a prototype of the woman warrior.
Dugaw, Dianne. Warrior Women and Popular Balladry 1650-1850. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
39n54
Dugaw, Dianne. Warrior Women and Popular Balladry 1650-1850. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
1, 39-43

1600: The population of London stood at around...

National or international item

1600

The population of London stood at around 200,000.
McKendrick, Neil et al. The Birth of a Consumer Society: the Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England. Europa, 1982.
21

About 1600: Women made up 10% of listed members of the...

Building item

About 1600

Women made up 10% of listed members of the Stationers' Company .
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
50

Aemilia Lanyer: 7 January 1600

Women writers item
Author event in Aemilia Lanyer

7 January 1600

AL consulted the astrologer Forman again, very probably about her desire to conceive a child (renewed after the death of her baby daughter).
Woods, Susanne, and Aemilia Lanyer. “Introduction”. The Poems of Aemilia Lanyer, Oxford University Press, 1993, p. xv - li.
xxiv
Woods, Susanne. Lanyer: A Renaissance Woman Poet. Oxford University Press, 1999.
28

17 February 1600: Giordano Bruno, a Neapolitan philosopher...

Building item

17 February 1600

Giordano Bruno , a Neapolitan philosopher and former Dominican friar, was burned by the Inquisition , apparently less for his support of Copernicus than for his Plato nist and Pantheistic thinking.
Plumptre, C. E. Giordano Bruno. Chapman and Hall, 1884.
89, 286

17 March 1600: W. Vaughan licensed with the Stationers'...

Building item

17 March 1600

W. Vaughan licensed with the Stationers' Company his Naturall and Artifical Directions for Health, which argued that moderate sexual (that is, heterosexual) activity was very expedient for preserving of health.
Mendelson, Sara Heller, and Patricia Crawford. Women in Early Modern England, 1550-1720. Clarendon Press, 1998.
20
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Margaret Hoby: 8-24 April 1600

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Hoby

8-24 April 1600

MH and her husband , resident at Hackness, spent these days visiting York.
Hoby, Margaret. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby, 1599-1605, edited by Joanna Moody, Sutton, 1998, p. xv - lvii.
lv

4 August 1600: Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It was entered...

Writing climate item

4 August 1600

Shakespeare 's comedy As You Like It was entered in the Stationers' Register ; it remained unpublished until 1623.
Kay, Dennis. Shakespeare: His Life, Work, and Era. William Morrow, 1992.
257

4 August 1600: The influential poetry anthology Englands...

Writing climate item

4 August 1600

The influential poetry anthology Englands Helicon was entered in the Stationers' Register ; it appeared this year.
Sidney, Sir Philip. “Critical Materials”. The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney, edited by William A., Jr Ringler, Clarendon Press, 1962, p. various pages.
564

23 August 1600: William Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado about...

Writing climate item

23 August 1600

William Shakespeare 's comedy Much Ado about Nothing, probably written between summer 1598 and spring 1599, was licensed with the Stationers' Company ; it was printed this year.
Kay, Dennis. Shakespeare: His Life, Work, and Era. William Morrow, 1992.
236
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Margaret Hoby: 26-7 August 1600

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Hoby

26-7 August 1600

MH and her husband suffered a kind of invasion at Hackness from a gang of rowdy young men led by William Eure , son and heir of a neighbour with whom they were on bad terms.
Hoby, Margaret. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby, 1599-1605, edited by Joanna Moody, Sutton, 1998, p. xv - lvii.
xlvii-xlviii

Margaret Hoby: 26 September 1600

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Hoby

26 September 1600

The lawsuit of Sir Thomas Posthumous Hoby , husband of MH , against William Eure and his family came up for hearing before the Council of the North .
Hoby, Margaret. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby, 1599-1605, edited by Joanna Moody, Sutton, 1998, p. xv - lvii.
lvi

2 October 1600: Another influential poetry anthology, entitled...

Writing climate item

2 October 1600

Another influential poetry anthology, entitled Englands Parnassus, was entered in the Stationers' Register ; it appeared this year.
Sidney, Sir Philip. “Critical Materials”. The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney, edited by William A., Jr Ringler, Clarendon Press, 1962, p. various pages.
565

Lady Anne Clifford: By 1601

Women writers item
Author event in Lady Anne Clifford

By 1601

LAC 's parents (whose marriage had been arranged in their infancy) formally separated.
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography dates the separation as 1600 in its article on Margaret Clifford, and as some time during...

1601: A Poor Law Act gave responsibility for the...

Building item

1601

A Poor Law Act gave responsibility for the poor (at local, parish level) to secular instead of religious authorities; this meant that a rate was levied on property owners.
Scull, Andrew. The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain, 1700-1900. Yale University Press, 1993.
15

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 19 January 1601

Women writers item

19 January 1601

The death of Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke 's husband changed the circumstances of her life; she seems to have written, or preserved, almost nothing more.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
168

7 February 1601: Followers of the Earl of Essex attended a...

Writing climate item

7 February 1601

Followers of the Earl of Essex attended a play at the Globe Theatre, the day before rising against Queen Elizabeth : this has been taken, probably wrongly, to demonstrate the theatre's political power.
Gutierrez, Nancy A. "Shall She Famish Then?". Ashgate, 2003.
22-3

25 February 1601: The Earl of Essex was executed in the Tower...

National or international item

25 February 1601

The Earl of Essex was executed in the Tower of London on the orders of Queen Elizabeth ; she was said to be much upset, but was deaf to all appeals for clemency.
Lee, Sophia. The Recess. Editor Alliston, April, University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
359n50

Queen Elizabeth I: 30 November 1601

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Elizabeth I

30 November 1601

QEI gave before Parliament her golden speech (which for years was assumed to be her last). It was published the same year.
Elizabeth I, Queen. Elizabeth I: Collected Works. Editors Marcus, Leah S. et al., University of Chicago Press, 2000.
342 and n1

John Donne: December 1601

Writing climate item
Author event in John Donne

December 1601

JD made a secret marriage to Ann More , a seventeen-year-old niece of his employer's wife.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Queen Elizabeth I: 19 December 1601

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Elizabeth I

19 December 1601

QEI made her final speech to Parliament before its rising: it is a long speech, again elegiac in tone, delivered to only a small audience, since most of the MPs had already left for their...