Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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14 April 1582: The College of Edinburgh (later the University...

Building item

14 April 1582

The College of Edinburgh (later the University of Edinburgh) received its charter from James VI of Scotland (later James I of England).
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
1335
Edinburgh University: A Sketch of its Life for 300 Years. James Gemmeli, 1884.
3

October 1582: Under the leadership of Pope Gregory XIII,...

National or international item

October 1582

Under the leadership of Pope Gregory XIII , Italy and other countries in Continental Europe (but not Britain) switched to the reformed Gregorian calendar: 5 October became 15 October, as time lost by the Julian...

William Shakespeare: 27 November 1582

Writing climate item
Author event in William Shakespeare

27 November 1582

WS , aged eighteen, took out a licence to marry Anne Hathaway , who was already pregnant by him.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anne Locke: By 1583

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Locke

By 1583

Anne Dering (formerly AL ) married Richard Prowse , a prosperous draper who served three times as mayor of Exeter, and in the year after their marriage was elected its MP.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anne Bacon: 1584

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Bacon

1584

Pandora, a collection of poems by John Southern (Soowthern on the title-page) was published, containing four moving sonnet-epitaphs for a baby son, written by AB 's niece Anne, Lady Oxford (Mildred Burghley 's...

Anne Wheathill: : 1584

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Wheathill:

1584

AW , an unmarried woman who has not been identified, published a collection of prayers entitled A Handfull of Holesome (though Homelie) Hearbs gathered out of the goodlie garden of Gods most holie word.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Elizabeth Grymeston: By 1584

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Grymeston

By 1584

Elizabeth Bernye was married to Christopher Grymeston , aged about twenty, a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University, whose academic position at this date was contingent on his remaining single.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1584: The Oakham and Uppingham Grammar Schools...

Building item

1584

The Oakham and UppinghamGrammar SchoolsUppingham School were founded in the county of Rutland, with a seal showing a master teaching four boys and, apparently, two girls.
Two of the figures on the seal are...

Cicely Bulstrode: Shortly before 12 February 1584

Women writers item
Author event in Cicely Bulstrode

Shortly before 12 February 1584

CB was born, at or near Beaconsfield, where on this day she was baptised. She was one of ten children.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

13 July 1584: A reconnaissance expedition sent by Sir Walter...

National or international item

13 July 1584

A reconnaissance expedition sent by Sir Walter Ralegh or Raleigh landed in North America, in what became the colony of Virginia. The next summer Ralegh, having received a patent or royal permission as a colonist...

Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln: Soon after 21 September 1584

Women writers item

Soon after 21 September 1584

Elizabeth Knyvett married Thomas Clinton, Earl of Lincoln , an Oxford graduate; if her generally accepted birth-date is accurate, she was legally married as a child.
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.
7: 695
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Between late 1584 and early 1585: Francis Bacon wrote his Letter of Advice...

Writing climate item

Between late 1584 and early 1585

Francis Bacon wrote his Letter of Advice to Queen Elizabeth.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Queen Elizabeth I: June or July 1585-1603

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Elizabeth I

June or July 1585-1603

QEI wrote twenty surviving letters to her cousin and eventual successor, James VI of Scotland , whose mother she held so long in captivity.
Elizabeth I, Queen. Elizabeth I: Collected Works. Editors Marcus, Leah S. et al., University of Chicago Press, 2000.
261-97, 355-403

Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess Falkland: 1585-6

Women writers item

1585-6

Elizabeth Tanfield (later Viscountess Falkland) was born at her father's house in Burford, Oxfordshire: either Burford Priory, or the earlier, relatively modest
Falkland, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess. “Introduction”. The Mirror of the Worlde, edited by Lesley Peterson, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2012, pp. 3-115.
5
home in Sheep Street.
Falkland, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess, and Lucy Cary. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. The Tragedy of Mariam, The Fair Queen of Jewry; with, The Lady Falkland: Her Life by One of Her Daughters, edited by Barry Weller and Margaret W. Ferguson, University of California Press, 1994, pp. 1 - 59; various pages.
3
Cary, Lucy, and Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess Falkland. “The Lady Falkland: Her Life by One of Her Daughters”. The Tragedy of Mariam, The Fair Queen of Jewry; with, The Lady Falkland: Her Life by One of Her Daughters, edited by Barry Weller et al., University of California Press, 1994, pp. 183-75.
183
Falkland, Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess. “Introduction”. The Mirror of the Worlde, edited by Lesley Peterson, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2012, pp. 3-115.
5

Mary Ward: 23 January 1585

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ward

23 January 1585

Joan Ward, later MW , was born at Mulwith Manor, Mulwith in Yorkshire (near the moors), the eldest of six children.
Chambers, Mary Catharine Elizabeth. The Life of Mary Ward (1585-1645). Editor Coleridge, Henry James, Burns and Oates, 1882, 2 vols.
1: 8
Oliver, Mary, and Maisie Ward. Mary Ward, 1585-1645. Sheed and Ward, 1960.
4

29 May 1585: Westminster, a small settlement near London...

National or international item

29 May 1585

Westminster, a small settlement near London with an Abbey, acquired a civic structure under the Statute of Westminster.
Barker, Felix. “Westminster 1585”. History Today, Vol.
35
, No. 6, June 1985, pp. 8-15.
8-15

: A party of soldiers were landed at Roanoke...

National or international item

Summer 1585

A party of soldiers were landed at Roanoke Island, North Carolina, to form the earliest English North American settlement. The demoralised survivors were picked up by Francis Drake just a year later and...

25 March 1586: Margaret Clitherow, a Catholic woman of York,...

Building item

25 March 1586

Margaret Clitherow , a Catholic woman of York, was punished with the death penalty for harbouring priests; she was pressed to death.
Chambers, Mary Catharine Elizabeth. The Life of Mary Ward (1585-1645). Editor Coleridge, Henry James, Burns and Oates, 1882, 2 vols.
1: 51n4

Hester Shaw: Shortly before 11 April 1586

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Shaw

Shortly before 11 April 1586

Hester Essex (later HS ) was born in London; she was baptised on this date, apparently an only child.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: Between May and October 1586

Women writers item

Between May and October 1586

While still in her twenties, Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke , lost in succession her father, her mother, and her brother Philip .
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
55, 57

By 9 May 1586: The young antiquary and historian William...

Writing climate item

By 9 May 1586

The young antiquary and historian William Camden published the first, Latin edition of his popular and influential Britannia, an account of Britain under the Romans which drew on physical remains and place-names.
Woolf, Daniel. The Idea of History in Early Stuart England. University of Toronto Press, 1990.
116
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

Lady Anne Clifford: Between August 1586 and October 1598

National or international item
Author event in Lady Anne Clifford

Between August 1586 and October 1598

The Earl of Cumberland , LAC 's father, sent out and led himself a series of trading and plundering ventures: to the South Seas, the River Plate, and the coasts of Portugal and Spain.
Clifford, Lady Anne. “Introductory Note”. The Diary of the Lady Anne Clifford, edited by Vita Sackville-West, George H. Doran, 1923, p. ix - lvi.
xii-v
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.

20-21 September 1586: Anthony Babington and six other Roman Catholics...

National or international item

20-21 September 1586

Anthony Babington and six other Roman Catholics were executed for high treason (plotting to murder Queen Elizabeth with the intention of putting Mary, Queen of Scots , on the throne).
Spartacus Educational. 28 Feb. 2003, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Sir Philip Sidney: 22 September 1586

Writing climate item
Author event in Sir Philip Sidney

22 September 1586

SPS was wounded in a skirmish between English and Spanish forces at Zutphen in the Low Countries. Shot in the leg, he developed gangrene and died on 17 October at nearby Arnhem.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: 17 October 1586

Writing climate item

17 October 1586

Sir Philip Sidney 's early death set the seal on his charismatic myth, and left his sister, Mary, Countess of Pembroke , a legacy of literary projects to complete.
Hannay, Margaret P. Philip’s Phoenix: Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. Oxford University Press, 1990, http://U of A HSS.
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