Virginia Woolf

-
Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, 1981, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press, 2005.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
4: 231

Connections

Connections Author name Sort ascending Excerpt
Leisure and Society Amabel Williams-Ellis
AWE made her formal entry into society as a debutante, a change of status . . . important then for the young females of our sub-tribe.
Williams-Ellis, Amabel. All Stracheys Are Cousins. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983.
34
For herself and Edith Sitwell (debs at...
Friends, Associates Amabel Williams-Ellis
AWE 's friends and associates included Edith Sitwell , whose poems she often published in The Spectator; Storm Jameson , a political mentor
Williams-Ellis, Amabel. All Stracheys Are Cousins. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983.
128
as well as a creative advisor; Bertrand and Dora Russell
Friends, Associates Amabel Williams-Ellis
Her political activities kept AWE at the centre of London's socially-conscious literary circles. Guests at The Well of Loneliness tea-party included Virginia Woolf , Rose Macaulay , Vita Sackville-West , G. B. Shaw , and...
politics Amabel Williams-Ellis
Among those prepared to sign were Virginia and Leonard Woolf .
Literary responses Ella Wheeler Wilcox
The Athenæum carried a signed review for this book by Virginia Woolf , who went straight to the heart of the matter. It would be easy to make fun of her; equally easy to condescend...
Friends, Associates Antonia White
In Chelsea AW formed a friendship with the painter Eliot Seabrooke , a large and centred personality
qtd. in
Dunn, Jane. Antonia White: A Life. Jonathan Cape, 1998.
72
who supplied an oasis of sanity in her life and helped her to sort out her opinions...
Intertextuality and Influence Antonia White
Nevertheless, the desire to write persisted. While still unpublished, AW gave her profession as authoress.
Vaux, Anna. “Biscuits. Oh good!”. London Review of Books, 27 May 1999, pp. 32-4.
32
Her biographer Jane Dunn says Virginia Woolf was the hero-writer of Antonia's youth.
Dunn, Jane. Antonia White: A Life. Jonathan Cape, 1998.
70
She later enlisted psychiatrists...
Friends, Associates Rebecca West
RW met Virginia Woolf at a party given by Dorothy Todd , former editor of Vogue.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
5: 126 and n1
Friends, Associates Rebecca West
RW was introduced by Virginia Woolf to Ethel Smyth , whom she had ardently looked forward to meeting; West and Smyth discussed Emmeline Pankhurst , about whom they had both been writing.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
5: 254, 259
Literary responses Rebecca West
Virginia Woolf judged it to be in a different and higher league than the novels of Hugh Walpole , although produced, like ornamental porcelain, according to a convention which was tight and affected and occasionally...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Rebecca West
This collection, which consists of RW 's contributions to the Bookman in the years 1929-1930, includes Feminist Revolt, Old and New, Notes on the Effect of Women Writers on Mr. Max Beerbohm, and...
Intertextuality and Influence Eudora Welty
Back in Mississippi in the early 1930s EW chose jobs (editing, reporting) that required her to write. Travelling on behalf of the WPA , she wrote of its work in her home state for local...
Literary responses Eudora Welty
Not all responses were favourable. Lionel Trilling likened Welty to Woolf , which he did not intend to be complimentary.
American National Biography. http://www.anb.org/articles/home.html.
The aforementioned TLS reviewer, who hailed the humour of the title piece, noted that in...
Textual Features Eudora Welty
This volume included sixteen reviews. Welty's review of Virginia Woolf 's A Haunted House was one of two that had to be dropped at the last moment for lack of space.
Welty, Eudora. A Writer’s Eye: Collected Book Reviews. Editor McHaney, Pearl Amelia, University Press of Mississippi, 1994.
xiii
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Eudora Welty

Timeline

1904: Madame C. de Broutelles founded the Prix...

Writing climate item

1904

Madame C. de Broutelles founded the Prix Femina Vie Heureuse, a prestigious French literary prize awarded by a jury of twelve women. A. Mary F. Robinson (an English writer living in France) was a co-founder.
Oliver, Reggie. Out of the Woodshed: A Portrait of Stella Gibbons. Bloomsbury, 1998.
129
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1907: Edmund Gosse anonymously published Father...

Writing climate item

1907

Edmund Gosse anonymously published Father and Son, an autobiography of his early years which presents his father, the scientist Philip Gosse , as an oppressive, small-minded bigot.
Birch, Dinah. “Fond Father”. London Review of Books, 19 Sept. 2002, pp. 3-5.
3
Birch, Dinah. “Fond Father”. London Review of Books, 19 Sept. 2002, pp. 3-5.
3-5

1 November 1907: The British Museum's reading room reopened...

Building item

1 November 1907

The British Museum 's reading room reopened after being cleaned and redecorated; the dome was embellished with the names of canonical male writers, beginning with Chaucer and ending with Browning .
Harris, Philip Rowland. A History of the British Museum Library 1753-1973. The British Library Board, 1998.
432-3
Woolf, Virginia, and Hermione Lee. A Room of One’s Own; and, Three Guineas. Chatto and Windus; Hogarth Press, 1984.
25
Woolf, Virginia. Jacob’s Room; and, The Waves. Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1959.
106

6 May 1910: King Edward VII died, and George V assumed...

National or international item

6 May 1910

King Edward VII died, and George V assumed the throne; Virginia Woolf dated a section of The Years from the old king's death.
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Hogarth Press, 1979.
172, 184, 205

6 November 1910: Roger Fry organised the Manet and Post-Impressionists...

Building item

6 November 1910

Roger Fry organised the Manet and Post-Impressionists exhibition at the Grafton Galleries , which presented the art of Cézanne , Gauguin , Matisse , and Picasso to London for the first time.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
345
Windsor, Alan, editor. Handbook of Modern British Painting 1900-1980. Scolar Press, 1992.
107
Ford, Boris, editor. The Cambridge Guide to the Arts in Britain. Vol. 9 vols, Cambridge University Press, 1988–2025.
8: 160
Woolf, Virginia. Roger Fry. Hogarth Press, 1940.
153-4
Anscombe, Isabelle. Omega and After: Bloomsbury and the Decorative Arts. Thames and Hudson, 1981.
11-12
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

4 October 1911: The first electric escalators in the UK were...

Building item

4 October 1911

The first electric escalators in the UK were installed, at Earl's Court underground station, London.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
346
Trotter, David. “Savage Rush”. London Review of Books, Vol.
32
, No. 20, 22 Oct. 2010, pp. 30-1.
31
Frye, Kate Parry. Campaigning for the Vote: Kate Parry Frye’s Suffrage Diary. Editor Crawford, Elizabeth, Francis Boutle Publishers, 2013.
203

June 1913: At the invitation of Margaret Llewelyn Davies,...

Women writers item

June 1913

At the invitation of Margaret Llewelyn Davies , Virginia Woolf attended the Women's Co-operative Guild Congress in Newcastle.
Gaffin, Jean et al. “Women and Cooperation”. Women in the Labour Movement: The British Experience, edited by Lucy Middleton, Croom Helm, 1977, pp. 113-42.
121
Woolf, Virginia et al. “Introductory Letter”. Life as We Have Known It, by Co-operative Working Women, edited by Margaret Llewelyn Davies, Reprint ed., Virago, 1977, p. xvii - xxxxi.
xx-xxi
Woolf, Virginia et al. “Introductory Letter”. Life as We Have Known It, by Co-operative Working Women, edited by Margaret Llewelyn Davies, Reprint ed., Virago, 1977, p. xvii - xxxxi.
xviii

After 18 February 1914: Leonard Woolf published his second novel,...

Writing climate item

After 18 February 1914

Leonard Woolf published his second novel, The Wise Virgins (which he had begun to write on his honeymoon). Quite different in genre from his first, it is a roman à clef reputedly presenting harsh caricatures...

28 April-1 May 1915: At the International Women's Peace Congress...

National or international item

28 April-1 May 1915

At the International Women's Peace Congress in The Hague, thirteen hundred women delegates from twelve countries founded the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace ; it became the Women's International League for Peace...

From early summer 1915: Garsington Manor, near Oxford, the home of...

Building item

From early summer 1915

Garsington Manor, near Oxford, the home of Lady Ottoline and Philip Morrell , became a centre for many pacifists, conscientious objectors, and non-pacifist critics of the war.
Berkman, Joyce Avrech. Pacifism in England, 1914-1939. Yale University, 1967, http://U of A HSS.
23
Seymour, Miranda. Ottoline Morrell: Life on the Grand Scale. Farrar Straus Giroux, 1992.
223-4

1 January 1916: The British edition of Vogue (an American...

Building item

1 January 1916

The British edition of Vogue (an American fashion magazine) began publishing from Condé Nast in Hanover Square, London.
Winship, Janice. Inside Women’s Magazines. Pandora, 1987.
166
White, Cynthia L. Women’s Magazines 1693-1968. Michael Joseph, 1970.
90
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Spawls, Alice. “Does one flare or cling?”. London Review of Books, Vol.
38
, No. 9, 5 May 2016, pp. 40-2.

1917: Scientist and travel-writer Norman Douglas...

Writing climate item

1917

Scientist and travel-writer Norman Douglas published his most famous book, the novel South Wind, whose ironic questioning of conventional morality appealed to a war-weary public, bringing it great success.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

11 November 1918: At 11 a.m. (the eleventh hour of the eleventh...

National or international item

11 November 1918

At 11 a.m. (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month), the Armistice, signed at Compiègne, went into effect, officially ending World War I.
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
230
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
356
Woolf, Virginia. The Years. Hogarth Press, 1979.
325, 328

14 May 1920: Time and Tide began publication, offering...

Building item

14 May 1920

Time and Tide began publication, offering a feminist approach to literature, politics, and the arts: Naomi Mitchison called it the first avowedly feminist literary journal with any class, in some ways ahead of its time...

1924: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth...

Women writers item

1924

Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press published The Rector's Daughter, a novel by F. M. (or Flora Macdonald) Mayor .
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

Texts

Woolf, Virginia. Jacob’s Room; and, The Waves. Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1959.
Woolf, Virginia, and Vanessa Bell. Kew Gardens. Hogarth Press, 1919.
Woolf, Virginia. “Lady Ritchie”. Times Literary Supplement, No. 894, p. 123.
Woolf, Virginia, and Anna Davin. Life as We Have Known It, by Co-operative Working Women. Editor Davies, Margaret Llewelyn, Reprint ed., Virago, 1977.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mary Wollstonecraft”. Nation and Athenaeum, Vol.
46
, pp. 13-15.
Woolf, Virginia. Moments of Being. Editor Schulkind, Jeanne, Chatto and Windus for Sussex University Press, 1976.
Woolf, Virginia, and Vanessa Bell. Monday or Tuesday. Hogarth Press, 1921.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”. Literary Review of the New York Evening Post.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Hogarth Press, 1925.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Hogarth Press, 1980.
Woolf, Virginia. “Mrs. Dalloway in Bond Street”. The Dial, 1880-1929, Vol.
75
, No. 20-7.
Woolf, Virginia. Night and Day. Duckworth, 1919.
Woolf, Virginia. Night and Day. Hogarth Press, 1977.
Woolf, Virginia, and Margot Asquith. “Obituary: Lady Ottoline Morrell”. Times, p. 16.
Woolf, Virginia. “On Being Ill”. The New Criterion, edited by T. S. Eliot, Vol.
4
, No. 1, pp. 32-45.
Woolf, Virginia. Orlando. Hogarth Press, 1928.
Woolf, Virginia. Orlando. Hogarth Press, 1978.
Woolf, Virginia. “Phyllis and Rosamond”. The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf, edited by Susan Dick, Hogarth Press, 1985, pp. 17-29.
Woolf, Virginia. “Professions for Women”. The Death of the Moth and Other Essays, Hogarth Press, 1981, pp. 149-54.
Woolf, Virginia. “Review of Dora Sigerson Shorter: The Sad YearsTimes Literary Supplement, No. 867, p. 403.
Woolf, Virginia. “Review of W. D. Howells: The Son of Royal LangbrithThe Guardian, 1846-1951.
Woolf, Virginia. Roger Fry. Hogarth Press, 1940.
Woolf, Virginia. “Sara Coleridge”. The Death of the Moth and Other Essays, Penguin Books, 1961, pp. 98-104.
Bell, Quentin, and Virginia Woolf. The Charleston Bulletin Supplements. Editor Olk, Claudia, British Library, 2013.
Woolf, Virginia. The Common Reader. Hogarth Press, 1925.