Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present
Martha Fowke
-
Standard Name: Fowke, Martha
Used Form: Martha Fowke Sansom
Birth Name: Martha Fowke
Indexed Name: Mrs Fowke
Married Name: Martha Sansom
Pseudonym: Clio
Nickname: Gloatitia
Nickname: The Amorous Lady
Apart from her unidentified periodical contributions, most of the early eighteenth-century MF
's writings in prose (epistolary and autobiographical) and poetry have a strongly erotic tone. She has been described as a poet whose writing mediated between older courtly traditions of coterie writing and the new commercial world of publication.
Gerrard, Christine. Aaron Hill: The Muses’ Projector 1685-1750. Oxford University Press, 2003.
In the 1720s she belonged to an informal literary club which included Anthony Hammond
(with whom she was supposed to have had her most youthful liaison), Ambrose Philips
, Martha Fowke
, and Eliza Haywood
.
Bowyer, John Wilson. The Celebrated Mrs Centlivre. Duke University Press, 1952.
229-30
Friends, Associates
Eliza Haywood
At this point in her life EH
entered on literary relationships with Aaron Hill
(who, with some gallant condescension, was a good friend to women writers) and his circle. They included Richard Savage
(who has...
Intertextuality and Influence
Sappho
Sappho
's name was an honorific for women writers for generations. George Puttenham
may have been the first to use it to compliment a writing woman: in Parthienades, 1579, he said that Queen Elizabeth
The personal attacks in this work provoked backlash. Haywood was either reproved or attacked in her turn by Richard Savage
, Martha Fowke
, and David Mallet
, and their attacks established the convention that...
Literary responses
Delarivier Manley
Swift
also, like his erstwhile allies Addison
and Steele
, was spurred by DM
's example to consternation over women's growing political activity. Though he was personally her friend, Swift undoubtedly aimed partly at her...
Occupation
John Donne
The highly literary great ladies of the Renaissance were part of Donne's writing environment. His predecessors in metrical experiment included Mary, Countess of Pembroke
. He wrote in praise of her and of minor court...
Haywood used to be generally credited with this testimony to a women's literary tradition, but editor Phyllis Guskin
judges that it was more probably written by Sansom
.
Fowke, Martha. Clio. Editor Guskin, Phyllis J., University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 1997.
34
Textual Production
Eliza Haywood
It is not clear whether a first edition was published and read out of existence; in any case, no known copy survives. It may be that the collection's first appearance was the one called the...
Textual Production
Eliza Haywood
Aaron Hill
's Plain Dealer number 53 printed an admiring elegy on the lately-dead Manley
whose author was probably either EH
or Martha Fowke Sansom
.
Fowke, Martha. Clio. Editor Guskin, Phyllis J., University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 1997.
34
Theme or Topic Treated in Text
Eliza Haywood
A Spy upon the Conjuror is made up (after an anecdotal preface) of letters addressed to Campbell by fictional clients, and presents him as a focus for love-confidences and a centre of scandal. (It again...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text
Eliza Haywood
This book builds on the writing of Delarivier Manley
in the mixed genre of scandal novel or allegorised political satire. Prominent among its many targets is EH
's fellow-writer (and fellow associate with Aaron Hill
Theme or Topic Treated in Text
Eliza Haywood
The work includes a separately-paginated prefatory essay: Discourse Concerning Writings Of This Nature—that is, about the nature and purposes of letters, especially love-letters, and their dangers to women. The Discourse closes ironically with two...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text
Eliza Haywood
The Injur'd Husband features a female villain, the Baroness de Tortillée, who poisons her husband, gets him locked up, and breaks up the honourable love of Beauclair for the virtuous woman Montamour (who then assumes...
Timeline
19 May 1720: A New Miscellany, edited by Anthony Hammond,...
9 October 1731: The Barbados Gazette, edited by Samuel Keimer,...
Women writers item
9 October 1731
The Barbados Gazette, edited by Samuel Keimer
, published its first issue.
Overton, Bill, editor. A Letter to My Love. University of Delaware Press, 2001.
13-14, and n8
Early 1741-late 1742: Caribbeana was published in London: two volumes...
Women writers item
Early 1741-late 1742
Caribbeana was published in London: two volumes of items from the Barbados Gazette of the previous decade.
Overton, Bill, editor. A Letter to My Love. University of Delaware Press, 2001.
16 and n10
The prefaces to the two volumes are dated 17 December 1740 and 20 August 1742.
By 22 July 1797: William Beckford published a second and more...
Women writers item
By 22 July 1797
William Beckford
published a second and more marked burlesque attack on women's writing: Azemia: A Descriptive and Sentimental Novel. Interspersed with Pieces of Poetry.