1187 results Occupation

Catharine Amy Dawson Scott

While working for Professor Jennings she was paid very high wages for a secretary or amanuensis, particularly given that she was a woman: £200 per year.
The figure comes from CADS herself, quoted in the recollections of her mother by her daughter, Marjorie Watts . In her short history of PEN, Watts gives the even less likely sum of £400 per year.
Sources differ over the reasons why this job came to an end. According to the Dictionary of Literary Biography, CADS was fired for the attention she drew by the publication of Sappho, but in Watts's account the position ended with Jennings's death.
Watts, Marjorie, and Frances King. Mrs. Sappho. Duckworth, 1987.
12
Watts, Marjorie. P.E.N.; The Early Years, 1921-1926. Archive Press, 1971.
2
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
240

Mary Robinson

Hester Darby opened her own boarding-school in Chelsea, where her daughter Mary (later MR ) made her debut as a teacher.
Robinson, Mary. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson. Editor Levy, Moses Joseph, Peter Owen, 1994.
31
Robinson, Mary. “Introduction”. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson, edited by Moses Joseph Levy, Peter Owen, 1994.
xi

Elizabeth Robins

O'Neill's Dramatic Company

Augusta Gregory

Augusta Persse (later AG ) began on the first of three winters spent in Cannes nursing her invalid brother Richard .
Stevenson, Mary Lou Kohfeldt. Lady Gregory: The Woman Behind the Irish Renaissance. Atheneum, 1985.
36

Caroline Herschel

During the years that she might have been at school, CH was kept heavily employed in doing the drudgery of the scullery.
Lubbock, Constance A., editor. The Herschel Chronicle; The Life-story of William Herschel and his sister, Caroline Herschel. Macmillan, 1933.
33
That was not all: Poor I got many a whipping for being awkward at supplying the place of a footman or waiter.
Lubbock, Constance A., editor. The Herschel Chronicle; The Life-story of William Herschel and his sister, Caroline Herschel. Macmillan, 1933.
34
Before leaving home she worked hard at making supplies of stockings and ruffles to last her brothers in her absence. She was not, of course, paid, though when William eventually won permission for her to move to England, he paid for a servant to replace her.
Brock, Claire. The Comet Sweeper: Caroline Herschel’s astronomical ambition. Thriplow, 2007.
69, 70-1

Harriett Jay

During their three years in remote western Ireland, HJ and her sister of necessity took on many new domestic duties, such as raising chickens and baking their own bread, but HJ still had sufficient time to write her first novel.
Jay, Harriett. Robert Buchanan. AMS, 1970.
174

Rose Macaulay

First Taste of Work

Jessie White Mario

The young Jessie White supported herself in Paris by writing French-inspired articles and stories for the English market. She also taught.
Daniels, Elizabeth Adams. Jessie White Mario: Risorgimento Revolutionary. Ohio University Press, 1972.
5

Cecil Frances Alexander

Following her introduction to James Smith , CFA founded a Church Missionary Society auxiliary which, according to biographer Ernest Lovell , was something of an innovation in an Irish country parish.
Lovell, Ernest William O’Malley. A Green Hill Far Away: A Life of Mrs. C.F. Alexander. Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1970.
24

Mary Anne Barker

During a cholera epidemic in Jamaica in 1850 (brought by sea from New Orleans) MAD with her mother and her sister Dora did the rounds every morning of the slums of Spanish Town, Jamaica, to take into care those babies whose mothers had died during the night.
Gilderdale, Betty. The Seven Lives of Lady Barker. Canterbury University Press, 2009.
37

Inez Bensusan

IB was known as an actress and singer in Sydney, Australia, before she emigrated to England. Her brother Darrell served as her accompanist for a recital in 1893.
Pfisterer, Susan, and Carolyn Pickett. Playing with Ideas. Currency Press, 1999.
47
Holledge, Julie. Innocent Flowers: Women in the Edwardian Theatre. Virago, 1981.
62
Smith, Susan Bradley. “Inez Bensusan, suffrage theatre’s nice colonial girl”. Playing Australia, edited by Elizabeth Schafer and Susan Bradley Smith, Rodopi, 2003, pp. 126-41.
130

Antoinette Brown Blackwell

Shortly after learning to read, Antoinette demonstrated a natural gift for writing. Her literary talent and passion for education corresponded with her childhood ambitions of becoming a teacher and opening her own school, and also, of course, the dream that became her lifelong pursuit, to be the first female minister.

Emily Brontë

EB entered six months' employment as a teacher at Law Hill school at Southowram outside Halifax.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
293, 306-7

Pearl S. Buck

After graduating, PSB planned an academic career in the USA. She went to work as a teaching assistant to her psychology professor at Randolph-Macon Woman's College , as a step towards a scholarship for graduate work, but she stayed only a few months before returning to China, driven by news of revolutionary violence and a sharp decline in her mother's health.
Spurling, Hilary. Pearl Buck in China. Simon and Schuster, 2010.
77-9

Elizabeth Cairns

As a child she kept her father's sheep and cattle on the rocks.

Mary Carpenter

When she was old enough, Mary took over some of the instruction of the younger pupils at her father's school. From 1827 she worked as a governess and from 1829 as a teacher in a girls' school run by her mother and sisters.
Carpenter, J. Estlin. The Life and Work of Mary Carpenter. 2nd ed., MacMillan and Co., 1881.
6, 12

Dora Carrington

Carrington produced decorative arts for the Omega Workshops (which Fry also started) in 1913.
Hill, Jane, and Michael Holroyd. The Art of Dora Carrington. Herbert Press, 1994.
38
He asked for her help with restorations on Mantegna 's The Triumphs of Caesar at Hampton Court Palace in 1917.
Hill, Jane, and Michael Holroyd. The Art of Dora Carrington. Herbert Press, 1994.
38

Leonora Carrington

In Paris LC created her seminal painting The Inn of the Dawn Horse, also known as Self-Portrait and (in 2017) held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
Moorhead, Joanna. The Surreal Life of Leonora Carrington. Virago Press, 2017.
86
She later reflected on her artistic affinities and her independence during this period with the Surrealists: I was working in a new place and alongside new people, wonderful new people, yet [t]hey were all doing their own thing. With Max , yes, I was nurtured a bit. But he was doing his own thing as well. They weren't that interested in me.
Moorhead, Joanna. The Surreal Life of Leonora Carrington. Virago Press, 2017.
77

Angela Carter

Beginning in the year in which she dramatically lost weight and began smoking, Angela Stalker (later Carter) worked as a journalist for papers in Croydon, Surrey, primarily the Croydon Advertiser.
Contemporary Authors. Gale Research, 1962–2025, Numerous volumes.
61
Kester-Shelton, Pamela, editor. Feminist Writers. St James Press, 1996.
87
Turner, Jenny. “A New Kind of Being”. London Review of Books, Vol.
38
, No. 21, 3 Nov. 2016, pp. 7-14.
10
Warner, Marina. “Introduction”. The Second Virago Book of Fairy Tales, edited by Angela Carter, Virago, 1993, p. ix - xvii.
xiii

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

Shadd returned in 1839 to Wilmington, where she opened a school for free black children. Throughout the 1840s she taught at black schools in a number of cities including West Chester, New York City, and Norristown, Pennsylvania.
Almonte, Richard, and Mary Ann Shadd Cary. “Introduction”. A Plea for Emigration, edited by Richard Almonte and Richard Almonte, Mercury Press, 1998, pp. 9-41.
12-13
American National Biography. http://www.anb.org/articles/home.html.

Lady Anne Clifford

Part of LAC 's growing up took place at Elizabeth 's court. While being groomed for a career there, she say that she was much beloved by that Renowned Queene Elizabeth.
qtd. in
Holmes, Martin. Proud Northern Lady: Lady Anne Clifford, 1590-1676. Phillimore, 1975.
6
Moreover, she notes, there was as much hope and expectation of me as of any other young lady whatsoever.
Clifford, Lady Anne. The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. Editor Clifford, David J. H., Alan Sutton, 1991.
21
She took it hard when she was not allowed to be a pallbearer at the queen's funeral because, at thirteen, she was too short.
Clifford, Lady Anne. “Introduction / Prologue”. The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford, edited by David J. H. Clifford, Alan Sutton, 1991, pp. xi - xv, 1.
1
Holmes, Martin. Proud Northern Lady: Lady Anne Clifford, 1590-1676. Phillimore, 1975.
6

Elizabeth Elstob

In LondonEE immersed herself in scholarly endeavours. She worked with her brother—first as his assistant, then as his colleague—on his ambitious editions of Old English manuscripts: her contribution included making beautiful, legible copies of original manuscripts. She even taught a servant boy Latin and Anglo-Saxon to train him as an assistant. This work did not pay. When EE later attempted to sell one of her brother's manuscripts to a publisher, he would offer nothing more than a few books as payment for the copyright.
Perry, Ruth, and George Ballard. “Introduction”. Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, Wayne State University Press, 1985, pp. 12-48.
22
Collins, Sarah Huff. “The Elstobs and the End of the Saxon Revival”. Anglo-Saxon Scholarship, the First Three Centuries, edited by Carl T. Berkhout and Milton McC. Gatch, G. K. Hall, 1982, pp. 107-18.
110

Florence Farr

After a brief, unsuccessful stint as a teacher, FF trained as an actress under actor-manager J. L. Toole .

Sarah Gardner

Sarah Cheney (later SG ) made her first appearance on the London stage, before her marriage, as Congreve 's Miss Prue in Love for Love: A Comedy at Drury Lane .
Highfill, Philip H. et al. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1973–1993.
5: 463

Mary Gawthorpe: Biography

MG 's first work experience was helping her father deliver newspapers and magazines, then running his journalistic copy from sports fields to the newspaper office: both jobs requiring self-reliance. Then, from the age of thirteen, she spent four years as pupil-teacher of primary-age children at St Michael's National School . She learned there that she liked teaching and was good at it (she soon gave up using the cane).
Gawthorpe, Mary. Up Hill to Holloway. Traversity Press, 1962.
28-9, 38, 88, 93
Her testimonial from the headmaster when she completed her apprenticeship seemed to me an almost unbelievable instrument of praise.
Gawthorpe, Mary. Up Hill to Holloway. Traversity Press, 1962.
88