1187 results Occupation

Mary Ward

Her intention was to join the Poor Clares at St Omer as a lay sister, a position which would mean begging in the streets and countryside for the Order, often sleeping away from the convent. She disliked this, both in prospect and in actuality, but persevered as long as she supposed it to be the will of God. She was clothed as a nun, despite her own reluctance and offers of a place in several other religious houses.
Chambers, Mary Catharine Elizabeth. The Life of Mary Ward (1585-1645). Editor Coleridge, Henry James, Burns and Oates, 1882, 2 vols.
1: 113, 122, 117, 119, 123

Alice Walker

As a highschool student AW worked as a salad girl, washing lettuce and chopping tomatoes at a summer camp for young whites where blacks were not allowed except as workers. In later student vacations she worked as a sales clerk or waitress.
White, Evelyn. Alice Walker. A Life. Norton, 2004.
52-3, 80, 122

Flora Shaw

Household Responsibilities

Dora Russell

At the beginning of the First World War, Dora worked briefly with the Women's Voluntary Corps .
Russell, Dora. The Tamarisk Tree: My Quest for Liberty and Love. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975.
1: 45
After a year of this, she recalls, I no longer had any heart for helping in the holocaust, but I still could not convince myself that I ought to oppose it.
Russell, Dora. The Tamarisk Tree: My Quest for Liberty and Love. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975.
1: 47

Elinor Glyn

EG played the role of the Lady in a private production adapted from her romance novel Three Weeks at the Adelphi Theatre in London.
Glyn, Elinor. Romantic Adventure. E. P. Dutton, 1937.
209
Glyn, Anthony. Elinor Glyn. Hutchinson, 1968.
168

Sarah Grand

SG began visiting the poor while she lived in Norwich.
Kersley, Gillian. Darling Madame: Sarah Grand and Devoted Friend. Virago Press, 1983.
42

Nina Hamnett

Through a second cousin NH got a job as one of the chorus in a play at the Aldwych Theatre at one pound a week. The play ran for two weeks, but she then spent three weeks waiting in the office of a theatrical manager without being picked for another job.
Hamnett, Nina. Laughing Torso. Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc., 1932.
28-30
When she heard the latest job needed a little bit of fluff she realised the theatre was not for her. She returned to painting and soon sold a pastel head to Liverpool Art Gallery . She also taught painting privately for five shillings a lesson.
Hamnett, Nina. Laughing Torso. Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc., 1932.
30, 33

Jane Ellen Harrison

JEH ended the year of her Tripos exams by teaching for one term at Oxford High School for Girls .
Robinson, Annabel. The Life and Work of Jane Ellen Harrison. Oxford University Press, 2001.
53-4

Storm Jameson

For about a year Jameson was also a volunteer tutor at a working women's college in Earl's Court, founded by Mary Jane Bridges-Adams.67

Mary Kingsley

Research Assistant

Edith Lyttelton

The Victoria League , chaired by EL , reported that the society had reached more than 18,000 people in the past year through their lending libraries and illustrated lectures.
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
(8 February 1907): 5

Dora Marsden

At the age of thirteen DM was appointed a teaching candidate at Marsden Town School ; she was later a pupil-teacher there.
Garner, Les. A Brave and Beautiful Spirit: Dora Marsden, 1882-1960. Avebury, 1990.
10

Sylvia Beach

On returning to Princeton from travels in France, SB worked as a research assistant for Professor Charles Osgood on his Concordance to the Poems of Edmund Spenser (1915).
Fitch, Noel Riley. Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation: A History of Literary Paris in the Twenties and Thirties. W. W. Norton, 1983.
27

Phyllis Bentley

Teaching

Muriel Box

Muriel's mother surprised her by sympathising with her desire to get into pictures, while her father saw nothing wrong with being a typist.
Box, Muriel. Odd Woman Out. Leslie Frewin, 1974.
59
She began working in films as a teenage extra in The Wandering Jew and a thriller series called The Old Man in the Corner (based on early stories by Baroness Orczy ). A day's work, with travelling, amounted to seventeen hours and brought in a few shillings. She was taken on to dance in a Christmas show, but was let go in the course of rehearsals.
Box, Muriel. Odd Woman Out. Leslie Frewin, 1974.
65-7
(It was after this that she enrolled in dancing school.) Her first serious job was giving dancing lessons to children at the Mary Ward Settlement (at twelve guineas a year). At this time she was also performing in Maude Scott 's amateur acting company, for which she gained good reviews. Work was at this time very hard to find, because of the depression. An application to join the Civil Service resulted in nothing but humiliation. In the end she was only too glad to accept a job as a typist for Barcley Corsets Limited in Welwyn Garden City at two pounds ten shillings a week before deductions, although she found the work monotonous. From there she moved eagerly to the same kind of job in the Scenario Department of British Instructional Films . In this job she began to meet and talk with film people, and to help with the revision and improvement of dialogue, which at this date was often excruciatingly bad when actors began to rehearse. She even made a few-second appearance on screen as a nurse when an extra failed to turn up. She got her first taste of continuity work in the same way, when a proper continuity clerk (then known as a continuity girl) had appendicitis and she filled in.
Box, Muriel. Odd Woman Out. Leslie Frewin, 1974.
74, 79, 86-90, 98-9, 100-1

Sarah Harriet Burney

SHB was also something of an artist, in drawing and watercolours.

Barbara Cartland

In 1919 BC taught Sunday School at St Paul's in Knightsbridge. She told the children dramatic stories, improvising as they went along.
qtd. in
Heald, Tim. A Life of Love: The Life of Barbara Cartland. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994.
39

Catherine Cookson

Catherine McMullen (later CC ) got her first job, in service with a local family. She cleaned and washed from 8 a.m. till 6 p.m. daily.
Jones, Kathleen. Catherine Cookson: The Biography. Constable, 1999.
75-6

Edith Craig

EC , aged eight, first appeared on stage in a walk-on role for a performance of Olivia at the Court Theatre ; her mother, Ellen Terry , and famous actor Henry Irving played the leads.
Auerbach, Nina. Ellen Terry: Player in Her Time. W.W. Norton, 1987.
181-3
Cockin, Katharine. Edith Craig (1869-1947): Dramatic Lives. Cassell, 1998.
38

George Eliot

Chrissey Evans , elder sister of Mary Ann Evans (later GE ) got married, leaving Mary Ann with the responsibility of housekeeping for her father and brother.
Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. W.W. Norton, 1995.
33
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
24

Buchi Emecheta

First Job

Ethel Wilson

When she returned to Canada in 1906, EW was not formally introduced into society through a coming-out party, unlike many girls returning from boarding school at age eighteen. Instead, she set about earning a living and was admitted to a teacher training program at the Vancouver Normal School in September, 1906. She subsequently taught in four different public elementary schools over the next thirteen years. In the public city system she was paid $47.50 per month. When asked later if she enjoyed her work as a teacher with children, EW seemed annoyed by the question and abruptly replied, No.
Stouck, David. Ethel Wilson: A Critical Biography. University of Toronto Press, 2003.
44-6
However, pupils interviewed years later indicated that she communicated neither negativity nor dissatisfaction in the classroom. She was remembered as beautiful and gentle. She never disciplined or teased anyone. We all loved her.
Stouck, David. Ethel Wilson: A Critical Biography. University of Toronto Press, 2003.
46

Gertrude Stein

GS assisted in the delivery of infants in the African-American community of Baltimore during her term at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine .
Brinnin, John Malcolm, and John Ashbery. The Third Rose: Gertrude Stein and her World. Addison-Wesley, 1959.
36
Hobhouse, Janet. Everybody Who was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein. Doubleday, 1975.
25

Christina Stead

CS was much involved in helping to bring up her younger half-brothers and sisters. In 1922, instead of beginning her teaching career, she was employed by Dr Gilbert Phillips as a research assistant in psychology, and it was not until January 1923 that she embarked on her first teaching job, at a slum school in inner Sydney at a salary of £143 per annum (fifty pounds less than the Public Service Basic Wage for males, set later this year). She found she did not enjoy teaching: her voice gave out at the end of the first week. Gilbert Phillips rescued her again the next year with a lectureship at Sydney Teachers' College , but she abandoned her teaching career in July 1925 after five weeks with a class of feeble-minded children whom she loved but felt unable to help, followed by an unpaid leave. She had contracted herself as a bonded teacher until the end of 1927, and in order to avoid paying back her bond she secured a medical certificate saying she was permanently incapacitated by neurasthenia.
Rowley, Hazel. Christina Stead: A Biography. Secker and Warburg, 1995.
57
She turned to secretarial jobs, working at first for an architect.
Rowley, Hazel. Christina Stead: A Biography. Secker and Warburg, 1995.
50, 53-7, 62
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
By the time she left Australia she had already worked as a public school teacher, a teacher of abnormal children, a demonstrator in the psychology laboratory of Sydney University , and a clerk in a grain company.
Jarrell, Randall, and Christina Stead. “Introduction”. The Man Who Loved Children, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965, p. v - xli.
xxxviii

Muriel Spark

On leaving Heriot Watt College, Muriel Camberg (later MS ) got a teaching job at a small private dayschool near her home, run and owned by two sisters who shamelessly exploited her. She received no pay, but only free tuition in shorthand and typing, which later helped her a great deal in her writing career. She did coaching at weekends for pocket-money. At the school she taught English, arithmetic, and nature studies, for four or five hours a day. After a year she wanted to ask for payment in money, but did not know how to do so. She resigned instead. She found it hard to get another job, though she had no problems with antisemitism in Edinburgh. In the end she went to work in the office of an exclusive women's department store, at starting pay of three pounds a month, which gradually increased to twice that sum.
Spark, Muriel. Curriculum Vitae: Autobiography. Constable, 1992.
105-10