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August 1915: The British Association for the Advancement...

Building and people item

August 1915

The British Association for the Advancement of Science declared that, generally, adult women were less productive employees than adult men.
Andrews, Irene Osgood. Economic Effects of the War Upon Women and Children in Great Britain. Oxford University Press, 1918.
106

1793: The liberal Dissenter Benjamin Flowers launched...

Writer or writing item

1793

The liberal Dissenter Benjamin Flowers launched a periodical, the Cambridge Intelligencer; it ran until December 1800.
Mahon, Penny. “In Sermon and Story: contrasting anti-war rhetoric in the work of Anna Barbauld and Amelia Opie”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
7
, No. 1, 2000, pp. 23-38.
35n8, 36n20

Anne Steele

AS 's eighteenth-century poetry, hymns, and meditations, widely admired in their day, have had their distinctive qualities overlooked or obscured by mainstream critics, perhaps partly because of her Particular Baptist faith. Her co-religionists, meanwhile, have...

4 February 1935: In response to an announcement that proposed...

National or international item

4 February 1935

In response to an announcement that proposed implementation of Part II of the Unemployment Act would result in cuts to benefits, a mass demonstration of women was held at Merthyr in Wales, outside the...

January 1903: The Personal Rights Journal ended publication...

Building and people item

January 1903

The Personal Rights Journal ended publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
10

1681: Joseph Glanvill's Sadducismus Triumphatus:...

Writer or writing item

1681

Joseph Glanvill 's Sadducismus Triumphatus: or, Full and Plain Evidence concerning Witches and Apparitions was posthumously published: it contains many stories of women and men persecuted as witches, many sentenced to death.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

January 1866: The Englishwoman's Review began publication...

Building and people item

January 1866

The Englishwoman's Review began publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
3
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
118-19
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
434

6 August 1844: An Act to Amend the Laws relating to Aliens...

National or international item

6 August 1844

An Act to Amend the Laws relating to Aliens granted foreign women automatic British citizenship upon marriage to a British subject.
Atkins, Susan, and Brenda Hale. Women and the Law. Basil Blackwell, 1984.
183
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
391-5

1952: Angus Wilson published Hemlock and After,...

Writer or writing item

1952

Angus Wilson published Hemlock and After, which Margaret Drabble in 2008 called one of the first gay novels to hit the postwar world.
“Back—due to popular demand”. The Guardian, 3 May 2008, pp. Review 4 - 6.
4
“Back—due to popular demand”. The Guardian, 3 May 2008, pp. Review 4 - 6.
4-6

January 1756: The Critical Review, or Annals of Literature,...

Writer or writing item

January 1756

The Critical Review, or Annals of Literature, a monthly, began publishing under the editorship of Tobias Smollett , ostensibly by a Society of Gentlemen.
Mahon, Penny. “In Sermon and Story: contrasting anti-war rhetoric in the work of Anna Barbauld and Amelia Opie”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
7
, No. 1, 2000, pp. 23-38.
35 n8
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

1866: Physician Wynn Williams published an article...

Building and people item

1866

Physician Wynn Williams published an article opposing clictoridectomies, though not on account of the violence of the operation.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
77, 263

3 December 1944-12 February 1945: A Greek civil war began in Athens; British...

National or international item

3 December 1944-12 February 1945

A Greek civil war began in Athens; British troops intervened in this conflict on the anti-Communist side, and were instrumental in ending the war and then maintaining peace.
Messenger, Charles. World War Two Chronological Atlas: When, Where, How and Why. Bloomsbury, 1989.
209
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
727

1921: The House of Lords rejected an amendment...

Building and people item

1921

The House of Lords rejected an amendment to the Criminal Law Bill which would have made lesbianism, for the first time, a criminal offence in Britain, as male homosexuality was.
“Gay and Lesbian History at The National Archives: An Introduction”. The National Archives (UK): The Catalogue.

8 December 1854: Pope Pius IX declared the dogma of Immaculate...

National or international item

8 December 1854

Pope Pius IX declared the dogma of Immaculate Conception in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus; this dogma declared the Virgin Mary free from the taint of original sin.
Brantl, George, editor. Catholicism. George Braziller, 1962.
78, 251n12

16 December 1911: The National Insurance Act received Royal...

National or international item

16 December 1911

The National Insurance Act received Royal Assent; it introduced maternity benefits (payable to husbands) and covered manual workers from sixteen to seventy employed in certain industries subject to recurrent unemployment.
Cook, Chris, and John, 1946 - Stevenson. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History 1714-1987. 2nd ed., Longman, 1988.
25, 125
Pugh, Martin. Women and the Women’s Movement in Britain 1914 - 1959. Macmillan Education, 1992.
16
Law Reports: Statutes. Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1866–2026.
(1911): 337-55

1880: Émile Zola published The Experimental No...

Writer or writing item

1880

Émile Zola published The Experimental Novel.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/.

May 1876: Russia, Austria and Germany presented the...

National or international item

May 1876

Russia, Austria and Germany presented the Berlin Memorandum to the Sultan of Turkey , demanding that he inaugurate reforms in the extensive Ottoman Empire.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
344

Vernon Lee

VL 's writing career spanned more than five decades during the later the nineteenth century and the earlier twentieth. She wrote critical monographs, essays, and reviews (on aesthetics, politics, and history), as well as short...
Vernon Lee Head-and-shoulders portrait sketch of Vernon Lee by John Singer Sargent, done in a single three-hour sitting, 1881. Her hair is short and dark; she wears a black sweater over a white shirt, and wire-rimmed spectacles. Tate Gallery.

6 November-22 December 1872: Jules Verne's adventure novel Around the...

Writer or writing item

6 November-22 December 1872

Jules Verne 's adventure novel Around the World in Eighty Days appeared in its original form, serially published in French in Le Temps.
Gallagher, Edward Joseph et al. Jules Verne: A Primary and Secondary Bibliography. G. K. Hall, 1980.
12-15

1884: The Meisenbach process for photographic half-tone...

Writer or writing item

1884

The Meisenbach process for photographic half-tone letterpress printing was introduced to the UK by the Meisenbach Company of Germany.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
160

January 1760-December 1761: Tobias Smollett's Sir Launcelot Greaves appeared...

Writer or writing item

January 1760-December 1761

Tobias Smollett 's Sir Launcelot Greaves appeared over twenty-five issues of the British Magazine (beginning in the first, January 1760): this made it the first-ever serialised novel.
Catto, Susan J. Modest Ambition: The Influence of Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, and the Ideal of Female Diffidence on Sarah Fielding, Charlotte Lennox, and Frances Brooke. University of Oxford, 1998.
193 n108

1843: The College of Surgeons became the Royal...

Building and people item

1843

The College of Surgeons became the Royal College of Surgeons .
Youngson, A. J. The Scientific Revolution in Victorian Medicine. Holmes and Meier, 1979.
12

24 March 1882: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet, died....

Writer or writing item

24 March 1882

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , poet, died.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
59

1541: An attack on women appeared, entitled The...

Writer or writing item

1541

An attack on women appeared, entitled The Schole House of Women and probably written by Edward Gosynhyll .
Buchanan, Dave. Augustan Women’s Verse Satire. University of Alberta, 1998.
60n4
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.