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11 September 1298: William Wallace, fighter for the independence...

National or international item

11 September 1298

William Wallace , fighter for the independence from England of Scotland (invaded in 1296 by Edward I ), won the victory of Stirling Bridge on the edge of Stirling, the narrow wooden structure giving...

2 April 1705: Bernard Mandeville published The Grumbling...

Writer or writing item

2 April 1705

Bernard Mandeville published The Grumbling Hive (later expanded as The Fable of the Bees).
McKee, Francis. “Early Criticism of ’The Grumbling Hive’”. Notes and Queries, Vol.
233
, June 1988, pp. 176-7.
176-7

11 October 2003: A one-day conference was held at the University...

Building and people item

11 October 2003

A one-day conference was held at the University of Portsmouth to commemorate the centenary of the Women's Social and Political Union , leader in the struggle for British women's suffrage
Purvis, June. “Introduction: The Suffragette and Women’s History”. Women’s History Review, Vol.
14
, No. 3/4, pp. 357-61.
362-3

1832: Beatrice and Margaret de Courcy edited the...

Writer or writing item

1832

Beatrice and Margaret de Courcy edited the first issue of The Ladies' Cabinet; they claimed that none but women can speak or write for women.
Dancyger, Irene. A World of Women: An Illustrated History of Women’s Magazines. Gill and Macmillan, 1978.
45
Dancyger, Irene. A World of Women: An Illustrated History of Women’s Magazines. Gill and Macmillan, 1978.
45

1637: William Austin published a formal defence...

Writer or writing item

1637

William Austin published a formal defence of women, Haec Homo, Wherein the Excellency of the Creation of Woman is Described.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1906: The Glasgow Bibliographical Society was ...

Writer or writing item

1906

The Glasgow Bibliographical Society was founded.
Gentry, Helen, and David Greenhood. Chronology of Books and Printing. Rev. ed., Macmillan, 1936.
128

14 May 1771: Robert Owen, socialist, was born at Newtown...

Writer or writing item

14 May 1771

Robert Owen , socialist, was born at Newtown in Montgomeryshire (now Powys) in Wales.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
107

1919: The Women's Engineering Society was founded....

Building and people item

1919

The Women's Engineering Society was founded. Its first secretary was electrical engineer Caroline Haslett , who went on to found the Electrical Association for Women in 1924.
Forster, Margaret. Significant Sisters. Secker and Warburg, 1984.
prelims
“About WES - who we are”. Women’s Engineering Society.

1825: Frances Parkes (Mrs. William Parkes 1786-1842),...

Women writers item

1825

Frances Parkes (Mrs. William Parkes 1786-1842), published a highly successful domestic conduct book whose lengthy title begins Domestic Duties; or, Instructions to Young Married Ladies.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

1925: The Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs...

Building and people item

1925

The Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris, provided the name art deco for a new style associated with the modernist, post-war age.
Oxford Reference. http://www.oxfordreference.com.

10 September 1898: Empress Elizabeth of Austria was assassinated...

National or international item

10 September 1898

Empress Elizabeth of Austria was assassinated in Geneva, Switzerland, by Luigi Luccheni , an Italian anarchist.
“Elizabeth, empress of Austria and queen of Hungary”. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online: The Columbia Encyclopedia.

Ann Eliza Bleecker

AEB , now seen as the finest American lyricist of the late eighteenth century, left only about thirty-six of her poems extant; she destroyed the rest. Two prose fictions were also published after her early death.
Ann Eliza Bleecker Frontispiece to Ann Eliza Bleecker's Posthumous Works, 1793, an engraved portrait bust on a pedestal bearing her name. She looks out from an oval frame decorated with flowers. She faces the viewer, though she is turned slightly to her left. Her hair is off her face, with curls collected at the nape of her neck. She wears a dress with a simple neckline embellished with small ruffles.

17 February 2003: Regulations came into force in central London...

Building and people item

17 February 2003

Regulations came into force in central London making it the first city to levy a congestion charge: five pounds for entry to the area by any car except those licensed to residents.
“Congestion Charging”. London: Mayor of London: Transport: New Initiatives.

29 April 1892: George Gissing published his novel Born in...

Writer or writing item

29 April 1892

George Gissing published his novel Born in Exile.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

22 January 1984: A commercial, directed by Ridley Scott and...

Building and people item

22 January 1984

A commercial, directed by Ridley Scott and aired during the broadcasting of the Super Bowl (US football championships), announced Apple Computers ' release of the Macintosh computer.
Campbell-Kelly, Martin, and William Aspray. Computer. Basic Books, 1996.
274-6
Moschovitis, Christos et al. History of the Internet. ABC-CLIO, 1999.
114-8
Aley, Jim. “Apple founder dead at 56. Apple and Jobs: The Early Years”. Edmonton Journal, 6 Oct. 2011, p. A20.
A20

November 1700: King Carlos II of Spain died; he had no heir,...

National or international item

November 1700

King Carlos II of Spain died; he had no heir, and the War of Spanish Succession resulted within eighteen months, declared by England against France on 4 May 1702.
Jones, Dwyryd Wyn. War and Economy in the Age of William III and Marlborough. Blackwell, 1988.
339

1749: Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock published Der...

Writer or writing item

1749

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock published Der Messias, a religious poem in three cantos.
Baillie, Joanna. The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie. Editor Slagle, Judith Bailey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999, 2 vols.
1: 429

Probably 22 December 1716: Nathaniel Mist began publishing his Opposition...

Building and people item

Probably 22 December 1716

Nathaniel Mist began publishing his Opposition newspaper The Weekly Journal; or, Saturday's-Post.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The earliest copy in the British Library is no. 9, published on 9 February 1717.

28 June 1778: An attack on retreating British troops at...

National or international item

28 June 1778

An attack on retreating British troops at Monmouth, New Jersey, was the last major engagement in the American Revolutionary war in the north.
Coakley, Robert, and Stetson Conn. The War of the American Revolution. Center of Military History, 1975.
113

1884: The Art Workers' Guild was founded, with...

Building and people item

1884

The Art Workers' Guild was founded, with a mandate to seek the Unity of all the Aesthetic Arts.
Maas, Jeremy. Victorian Painters. Barrie and Jenkins, 1978.
15
Cumming, Elizabeth, and Wendy Kaplan. The Arts and Crafts Movement. Thames and Hudson, 1991.
25, 26

29 October 1956-22 December 1956: The Suez Crisis occurred: the nationalisation...

National or international item

29 October 1956-22 December 1956

The Suez Crisis occurred: the nationalisation of the Suez Canal by Gamal Abdul Nasser , President of Egypt, produced a joint invasion of Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel, who feared an interruption of...

Florence Nightingale

FN 's fame began when she headed nurses in the Crimean war. After the war, she worked to reform health care and promoted sanitation at home and abroad. To this end she composed speeches, government...
Florence Nightingale Black and white, head-and-shoulders photograph of the young Florence Nightingale. She is wearing a simple black dress with lace collar and lace cap, and looking directly into the camera.

January 1888: The Star was launched as a radical evening...

Writer or writing item

January 1888

The Star was launched as a radical evening paper in London.
Briggs, Julia. A Woman of Passion: The Life of E. Nesbit, 1858-1924. Hutchinson, 1987.
138

1830s: Retailers such as Kendal, Milne, and Faulkner...

Building and people item

1830s

Retailers such as Kendal, Milne, and Faulkner began to display price tickets on merchandise.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
138-41

November 1955: At a time when economic orthodoxy was by...

Building and people item

November 1955

At a time when economic orthodoxy was by consensus Keynes ian, a deed of trust was signed for setting up the Institute of Economic Affairs , the UK's original free-market think-tank.
“About the IEA”. IEA (Institute of Economic Affairs).
Clarke, Peter. “Knights’ Moves”. London Review of Books, 17 Mar. 2005, pp. 11-14.
11
“About the IEA”. IEA (Institute of Economic Affairs).