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21 July 1542: Pope Paul III revived the medieval inquisition...

Building and people item

21 July 1542

Pope Paul III revived the medieval inquisition to counter the threat posed to Roman Catholicism by the new Protestant thinking of Martin Luther and John Calvin .
Cristianità. http://www.alleanzacattolica.org/.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.

1698: On the death of publisher Richard Baldwin...

Writer or writing item

1698

On the death of publisher Richard Baldwin from a slow consumption, his widow, Abigail , took over the business in name; she had in fact been running it for several years.
Bracken, James K., and Joel Silver, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 170. Gale Research, 1996.
170: 5, 8-10
Feminist Companion Archive.

1920: The Women's Trade Union League merged with...

Building and people item

1920

The Women's Trade Union League merged with the Trades Union Congress with agreement that women would hold two protected seats on the General Council; three more seats were added in 1981.
Lorwin, Val R., and Sarah Boston. “Great Britain”. Women and Trade Unions in Eleven Industrialized Countries, edited by Alice H. Cook et al., Temple University Press, 1984, pp. 140-61.
143

30 January 1961: The National Health Service announced that...

Building and people item

30 January 1961

The National Health Service announced that the early contraceptive pill Enovid would become available in Britain in December this year. The birth-control pill had to be bought, but was subsidized to keep its cost to...

1844-1890: Public asylums became a refuge for pauper...

Building and people item

1844-1890

Public asylums became a refuge for pauper lunatics, until this group comprised approximately 91%of all patients in mental institutions; over a forty-five year span, the number of pauper lunatics increased four hundred times.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
27

10 December 1904: Two British scientists won Nobel Prizes:...

National or international item

10 December 1904

Two British scientists won Nobel Prizes: Sir William Ramsay in Chemistry for his discovery of inert gaseous elements in air, and John William Strutt in Physics for investigating the densities of argon and other gases.
Schlessinger, Bernard S., and June H. Schlessinger. The Who’s Who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-1995. 3rd ed., Oryx Press, 1996.
Nobel Prize in Literature. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/.

By 2 January 1858: Matthew Arnold's Merope: a Tragedy was p...

Writer or writing item

By 2 January 1858

Matthew Arnold 's Merope: a Tragedy was published.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
(2 January 1858): 13

1802: The Female Friendly Society, for the aid...

Building and people item

1802

The Female Friendly Society , for the aid of the infirm and aged, was founded in London under the patronage of the Princess of Wales.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
101

8 October 1959: Judith Hart, Labour candidate and founding...

National or international item

8 October 1959

Judith Hart , Labour candidate and founding member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament , was elected to Parliament for Lanarkshire.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

14 February 1989: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran declared...

Writer or writing item

14 February 1989

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran declared a fatwa or death sentence against Salman Rushdie on account of the allegedly blasphemous treatment of the prophet Mohammed in his novel The Satanic Verses.
“1990: Iranian leader upholds Rushdie fatwa”. BBC News: On This Day, 26 Dec. 1990.

18-22 October 1910: Dr Hawley Crippen, an American resident of...

Building and people item

18-22 October 1910

Dr Hawley Crippen , an American resident of London, was found guilty of the murder of his wife, a music-hall actress known as Cora Turner . He was tracked down in the USA where...

1911: The Social Democratic Federation merged with...

National or international item

1911

The Social Democratic Federation merged with other activist groups to form the British Socialist Party (not to be confused with the Labour Party , which had been in being for a decade).
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Hicks, Hyndman

5 April 1843: John Ruskin, as a Graduate of Oxford, published...

Writer or writing item

5 April 1843

John Ruskin , as a Graduate of Oxford, published the first volume of Modern Painters.
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From Earliest Times to 1985. Oxford University Press, 1995, 3 vols.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

12 April 1861-9 April 1865: The American Civil War raged between the...

National or international item

12 April 1861-9 April 1865

The American Civil War raged between the Confederacy of southern slave-owning states and the Union of the rest: from the first shots fired by Confederate artillery at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, to the surrender...

January 1661: Fifth Monarchists (who expected the Second...

National or international item

January 1661

Fifth Monarchists (who expected the Second Coming and political rule of Christ, and had opposed the Cromwell ian government too) staged an uprising against the new king, Charles II .
Fox, George, 1624 - 1691. The Journal. Editor Smith, Nigel, Penguin, 1998.
294 and n1

11 May 1866: The London Stock Exchange suffered through...

National or international item

11 May 1866

The London Stock Exchange suffered through Black Friday after the bankruptcy of the bank Overend, Gurney and Company .
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
287
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
246-7, 256

12 July 1808: A British expeditionary force under Sir Arthur...

National or international item

12 July 1808

A British expeditionary force under Sir Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) sailed to relieve Corunna in Spain.
Page, F. C. G. Following the Drum: Women in Wellington’s Wars. Deutsch, 1986.
6

Agnes Beaumont

AB left a single text, an autobiographical account of her struggles with her father over her right to choose her own religious sect and of the accusations levelled against her after his sudden death, because...

November 1914: Mary Phelps Jacob of New York, later Caresse...

Building and people item

November 1914

Mary Phelps Jacob of New York, later Caresse Crosby , patented the Backless Brassiere.
Harris, Melvin. ITN Book of Firsts. Michael O’Mara Books, 1994.
223
Panati, Charles. Panati’s Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things. Perennial Library, 1987.
341
Vare, Ethlie Ann, and Greg Ptacek. Patently Female. John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
136

August 1980: The Red Rag, produced by a Marxist collective...

Building and people item

August 1980

The Red Rag, produced by a Marxist collective of the Women's Liberation Movement in London, ended publication.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
80

1848: Corset stays were first made with elastic...

Building and people item

1848

Corset stays were first made with elastic thread woven into fabric (instead of whalebone); this new design aided breathing and mobility.
Cunnington, C. Willett et al. The History of Underclothes. Revised, Faber and Faber, 1981.
95

31 July 1831: The first issue of the Poor Man's Guardian...

Writer or writing item

31 July 1831

The first issue of the Poor Man's Guardian was published by Henry Hetherington .
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
12-3

26 August 1936: The Anglo-Egyptian treaty ended British military...

National or international item

26 August 1936

The Anglo-Egyptian treaty ended British military occupation of Egypt (except in the Suez Canal zone) and produced a twenty-year alliance between Britain and Egypt.
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
244
Williams, Neville. Chronology of the Modern World: 1763 to the Present Time. David McKay, 1967.
554

Damaris Masham

DM , philosophical controversialist of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, was also a memorable writer of familiar letters and witty poetry (both pastoral and satire).

By 23 July 1853: John Ruskin published The Stones of Venice,...

Writer or writing item

By 23 July 1853

John Ruskin published The Stones of Venice, Volume the Second—The Sea Stories.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
(23 July 1853): 879-81