Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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26 July 1858: Lord John Russell proposed a modified oath...

National or international item

26 July 1858

Lord John Russell proposed a modified oath for members of parliament, which would allow Lionel de Rothschild to take his seat as the first Jewish MP; Rothschild had been elected by the City of London...

Margaret Oliphant: 29 July 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

29 July 1858

MO 's father died.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
28
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
337

2 August 1858: The Imperial Act provided British Columbia,...

National or international item

2 August 1858

The Imperial Act provided British Columbia, no longer under the jurisdiction of the Hudson Bay Company , with its own government.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
II: 470
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
835

2 August 1858: Government and military control of India...

National or international item

2 August 1858

Government and military control of India was transferred by the Government of India Act from the East India Company to the British Crown after the successful suppression of the Indian Mutiny by the British army...

2 August 1858: The Local Government Office Act first attempted...

Building item

2 August 1858

The Local Government Office Act first attempted to standardize building regulations in the light of concerns over public health.
Rodger, Richard. Housing in Urban Britain, 1780-1914: Class, Capitalism and Construction. Macmillan, 1989.
49
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
Regulations designed to prevent or contain fires had been introduced in London after the Great...

2 August 1858: The Medical Act passed, allowing for the...

National or international item

2 August 1858

The Medical Act passed, allowing for the creation of a General Medical Council to regulate education and formal registration of all medical practitioners in Great Britain and Ireland.
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
20
Donnison, Jean. Midwives and Medical Men: A History of Inter-Professional Rivalries and Women’s Rights. Schocken Books, 1977.
56
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
501
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

5 August 1858: The first effective transatlantic telegraph...

National or international item

5 August 1858

The first effective transatlantic telegraph cable was laid between Ireland and Newfoundland. During the celebrations, Queen Victoria and President James Buchanan exchanged messages over the cable.
Chisholm, Hugh, editor. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eleventh, Cambridge University Press, 1911.
26: 527-8
Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet. Walker and Company, 1998.
81, 83-4

Florence Dixie: 6 August 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Dixie

6 August 1858

Lady Florence Douglas, later Dixie (aged three), was profoundly affected by the death of her father, Archibald William Douglas, eighth Marquess of Queensberry , in an apparent shooting accident.
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck: By early August 1858

Women writers item

By early August 1858

MAS 's niece Christiana C. Hankin posthumously published her early autobiography and other works, as volume one of a two-volume Life of Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1606 (7 August 1858): 166-7

E. Nesbit: 15 August 1858

Women writers item
Author event in E. Nesbit

15 August 1858

EN was born at 38 Lower Kennington Lane, Kennington, in South London, the youngest of her family, with three elder siblings and a half-sister living.
Briggs, Julia. A Woman of Passion: The Life of E. Nesbit, 1858-1924. Hutchinson, 1987.
2

Wilkie Collins: 21 August 1858

Writing climate item
Author event in Wilkie Collins

21 August 1858

Household Words carried an article by WC entitled The Unknown Public, about a new kind of reader who could not afford to three-decker novels but travelled by rail and regularly bought periodicals on railway stalls.
Lycett, Andrew. “Collins the campaigner”. The Author, Vol.
126
, No. 1, 1 Mar.–31 May 2015, pp. 20-1.
21

Dinah Mulock Craik: 21 August 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

21 August 1858

Dinah Mulock implicitly attacked Elizabeth Gaskell 's Life of Charlotte Brontë in Literary Ghouls for Chambers's.
Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983.
100, 129n7

23 August 1858: For the first time a passenger train ran...

National or international item

23 August 1858

For the first time a passenger train ran seriously out of control, on the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway ; fourteen people died.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
106

26 August 1858: An official visit by Lord Elgin opened Japan...

National or international item

26 August 1858

An official visit by Lord Elgin opened Japan to British commerce.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 853
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
919
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
under Japan

27 August 1858: One of the few messages to be successfully...

Building item

27 August 1858

One of the few messages to be successfully transmitted over the newly completed transatlantic telegraph cable announced that the British suppression of the Indian Mutiny was making progress.
Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet. Walker and Company, 1998.
153

28 August 1858: Dr Alexander Wood published a paper in the...

Building item

28 August 1858

Dr Alexander Wood published a paper in the British Medical Journal on a new medical therapy involving morphine injections through a hypodermic syringe.
Parssinen, Terry M. Secret Passions, Secret Remedies: Narcotic Drugs in British Society 1820-1930. Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1983.
80-1

Caroline Chisholm: Late 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Chisholm

Late 1858

CC 's son William died unexpectedly.
Kiddle, Margaret, and Sir Douglas Copland. Caroline Chisholm. 2nd ed., Melbourne University Press, 1957.
227

Annie Keary: From autumn 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Annie Keary

From autumn 1858

AK travelled to Egypt with Emilia, her closest female friend, to spend the winter in a warm climate; this appeared to have the desired beneficial effect on her lungs.
Keary, Eliza. Memoir of Annie Keary. Macmillan, 1882.
90-1, 165ff

September 1858: Louis Pasteur investigated spoiled wines...

Building item

September 1858

Louis Pasteur investigated spoiled wines by microscopic examination at Arbois in France.
Dubos, René J. Pasteur and Modern Science. Doubleday, 1960.
66-70
Cuny, Hilaire. Louis Pasteur: The Man and His Theories. Paul S. Eriksson, 1966.
179

Isa Craig: Probably before October 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Craig

Probably before October 1858

IC worked with Elizabeth Garrett , and Lady Stanley of Alderley towards establishing the Ladies' National Association for the Diffusion of Sanitary Knowledge .
Historian Perry Williams cites the founding date of the Association as 1857.
Williams, Perry. “The Laws of Health: Women, Medicine and Sanitary Reform, 1850-1890”. Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Enquiry, 1780-1945, edited by Marina Benjamin, Basil Blackwell, 1991, pp. 60-88.
60
McCrone, Kathleen E. “The National Association for the Promotion of Social Science and the Advancement of Victorian Women”. Atlantis, Vol.
8
, No. 1, 1982, pp. 44-66.
48
Goldman, Lawrence. Science, Reform, and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association 1857-1886. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
121

Mary Fortune: October 1858

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Fortune

October 1858

MF married as her second husband mounted police officer Percy Rollo Brett , at Dunolly, Victoria.
Sussex, Lucy, and Mary Fortune. “A Woman of Mystery”. The Detectives’ Album, Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, Apr. 2003, pp. 3-18.
6
Sussex, Lucy, and Mary Fortune. “What the Mischief Does a Bonnet Want Here?: An Introduction to Mary Fortune (Waif Wander)”. The Fortunes of Mary Fortune, edited by Lucy Sussex, Penguin, 1989, p. xii - xxiii.
xvii

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: Autumn 1858

Women writers item

Autumn 1858

Jane Francesca Wilde , or Speranza, and her husband made their first trip to Scandinavia.
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
83

Sophia Jex-Blake: October 1858

Women writers item
Author event in Sophia Jex-Blake

October 1858

SJB began the term at Queen's College, London , having astonished her peers by expressing a desire to become a teacher (a controversial decision for one of her social class), in order to rectify the...

October 1858: John Julius Reuter started providing a telegraph-based...

Building item

October 1858

John Julius Reuter started providing a telegraph-based foreign news service to the LondonMorning Advertiser, beginning with a fortnight's free trial.
Read, Donald. The Power of News: The History of Reuters, 1849-1989. Oxford University Press, 1992.
22-3, 38-9

Probably October 1858: The Ladies' National Association for the...

National or international item

Probably October 1858

The Ladies' National Association for the Diffusion of Sanitary Knowledge was founded through the work of Isa Craig , Elizabeth Garrett , and Lady Stanley of Alderley , and others.
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
48
Smith, Francis Barrymore. The People’s Health, 1830-1910. Croom Helm, 1979.
218
Wohl, Anthony S. Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. Harvard University Press, 1983.
36, 69
McCrone, Kathleen E. “The National Association for the Promotion of Social Science and the Advancement of Victorian Women”. Atlantis, Vol.
8
, No. 1, 1982, pp. 44-66.
48
Goldman, Lawrence. Science, Reform, and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association 1857-1886. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
121
Williams, Perry. “The Laws of Health: Women, Medicine and Sanitary Reform, 1850-1890”. Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Enquiry, 1780-1945, edited by Marina Benjamin, Basil Blackwell, 1991, pp. 60-88.
60
“Second Annual Report of the Ladies’ National Association for the Diffusion of Sanitary Knowledge”. English Woman’s Journal, Vol.
3
, No. 18, 1859, pp. 380-87.
381