Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1847: The new Metropolitan Commissioners for Sewers...

Building item

1847

The new Metropolitan Commissioners for Sewers forbade the use of cesspits in homes.
Morrison, Richard. “Victoria’s ’closet’ revolution”. Edmonton Journal, 21 Jan. 2001, p. E6.
E6

1847: James Prescott Joule discovered the law of...

Building item

1847

James Prescott Joule discovered the law of conservation of energy.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
315

1847: The establishment of the Democratic Association...

National or international item

1847

The establishment of the Democratic Association for the Unification of All Countries represented an effort to set up an international revolutionary body.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
129

Late 1840s: Chatelaines, long metal chains hung from...

National or international item

Late 1840s

Chatelaines, long metal chains hung from the waist of dresses, became a fashionable female accessory; from it, small decorative or useful items could be hung.
Adburgham, Alison. A Punch History of Manners and Modes 1841-1940. Hutchinson, 1961.
28

1847: In this year (called Black '47 by families...

National or international item

1847

In this year (called Black '47 by families of Irish emigrants), 17,000 of the 100,000 destined for Quebec from the British Isles did not survive the passage.
Fitzpatrick, David. Irish Emigration 1801-1921. Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, 1984.
25

1847: The Lady's Magazine, a favorite of the leisured...

Writing climate item

1847

The Lady's Magazine, a favorite of the leisured classes, ended publication in London.
Winship, Janice. Inside Women’s Magazines. Pandora, 1987.
23
White, Cynthia L. Women’s Magazines 1693-1968. Michael Joseph, 1970.
31
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
216
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
10, 12

1847: Nathaniel Woodard launched his first school,...

Building item

1847

Nathaniel Woodard launched his first school, in his own home with two teachers. By the twentieth century the Woodard Schools comprised a group of private, Anglican, charitable-status girls' boarding schools.
Sturrock, June. "Heaven and Home": Charlotte M. Yonge’s Domestic Fiction and the Debate over Women. University of Victoria, 1995.
33

2 January 1847: The weekly Lady's Newspaper and Pictorial...

Writing climate item

2 January 1847

The weekly Lady's Newspaper and Pictorial Times began publication in London.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
21-2
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
217
Palmegiano states that this newspaper became the Lady's Newspaper, The Queen and the Court Chronicle in 1863, and continued to publish...

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 21 January 1847

Women writers item

21 January 1847

As Speranza, the future Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde , published her poem The Stricken Land (reprinted later as The Famine Year) in the pages of the Nation.
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
33

Eliza Lynn Linton: By 23 January 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Lynn Linton

By 23 January 1847

Eliza Lynn (later Linton) anonymously published her first novel, or historical romance, Azeth, the Egyptian.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1004 (1847): 88-9

February 1847: William F. Thomas, a corset manufacturer...

Building item

February 1847

William F. Thomas , a corset manufacturer in Cheapside, bought the English rights to Elias Howe 's sewing machine; their subsequent partnership resulted in the first sewing machines made in England.
Harris, Melvin. ITN Book of Firsts. Michael O’Mara Books, 1994.
240
Ley, Sandra. Fashion For Everyone: The Story of Ready-to-Wear 1870’s-1970’s. Scribner, 1975.
7
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
113

Isabella Lickbarrow: 10 February 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Lickbarrow

10 February 1847

IL died at her home in Kendal, of tuberculosis.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
“Elizabeth Lickbarrow (1784-1847) Poet”. University of Rochester,: Department of English: The Apocalypse in English Romantic Literature: Apocalypse and Gender.

Dinah Mulock Craik: 12 February 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

12 February 1847

DMC 's brother Tom Mulock died at about twenty, less than eighteen months after the death of their mother.
DMC 's early biographer Aleyn Reade gives the date as 27 February.
Reade, Aleyn Lyell. The Mellards and Their Descendents. Privately Printed for the Author, Arden Press, 1915.
71
Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983.
9

Eliza Cook: 13 February 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Cook

13 February 1847

Reynolds's Miscellany printed an illustration of Lady Blessington , Eliza Cook , and Caroline Norton . Cook, in an open shirt and dark jacket, wears plainer and less feminine dress than the other two, whose...

17 February 1847: The Whittington Club (named after the poor...

Building item

17 February 1847

The Whittington Club (named after the poor boy who became Lord Mayor of London) held its first meeting. Unlike traditional gentlemen's clubs, it welcomed women and lower-middle-class men.
Woodring, Carl Ray. Victorian Samplers: William and Mary Howitt. University of Kansas Press, 1952.
122

Eavan Boland: 1 March 1847

Building item
Author event in Eavan Boland

1 March 1847

EB gives this date to a poem purporting to be a letter from an upper-class woman about the Irish potato famine—which her speaker can see solely as it affects her own life.
Boland, Eavan. In a Time of Violence. Norton, 1994.
11

Margaret Fuller: March 1847

Writing climate item
Author event in Margaret Fuller

March 1847

MF arrived in Genoa, Italy.
Mehren, Joan von. Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.
252

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: March 1847

Women writers item

March 1847

The Nation published Jane Francesca Elgee 's poem The Brothers, inspired by an actual trial and execution during the Irish Rebellion of 1798..
Melville, Joy. Mother of Oscar. John Murray, 1999.
37

Anthony Trolllope: March 1847

Writing climate item
Author event in Anthony Trolllope

March 1847

AT 's first novel, The Macdermots of Ballycloran, was published through Thomas Cautley Newby .
Tingay, Lance O. “The Reception of Trollope’s First Novel”. Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol.
6
, No. 3, Dec. 1951, pp. 195-00.
196
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Rigby: March 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

March 1847

The Quarterly published ER 's anonymous essay The Art of Dress, a review of several books on fashion.
qtd. in
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
73

March 1847: Benjamin Disraeli published his novel Ta...

Writing climate item

March 1847

Benjamin Disraeli published his novel Tancred.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

: 750,000 men were employed in Ireland's public...

National or international item

Spring 1847

750,000 men were employed in Ireland's public works, in a policy designed to relieve the distress caused by repeated crop failures (particularly of potatoes).
Adelman, Paul. Great Britain and the Irish Question 1800-1922. Hodder and Stoughton, 1996.
61

Early 1847: Angry rioters in Berlin, Hamburg, and other...

National or international item

Early 1847

Angry rioters in Berlin, Hamburg, and other cities in Germanyprotested high prices by attacking bakeries and storehouses.
Sheehan, James J. “The German States and the European Revolution”. Revolution and the Meanings of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Isser Woloch, Stanford University Press, 1996, pp. 246-79.
266

Catherine Crowe: By 13 March 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Crowe

By 13 March 1847

CC published her third novel, a progressive story of cross-class love called The Story of Lilly Dawson, in three volumes.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1011 (1847): 282-84
qtd. in
Oliphant, Margaret et al. Women Novelists of Queen Victoria’s Reign. Hurst and Blackett, 1897.
150
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 21 March 1847

Women writers item

21 March 1847

EBB experienced the first of several serious miscarriages.
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
199
Browning, Robert, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Brownings’ Correspondence. Editors Kelley, Philip et al., Wedgestone Press, 1984–2026, 14 vols. to date.
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