Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Richard Harris Barham: 17 June 1845

Writing climate item
Author event in Richard Harris Barham

17 June 1845

RHB , comic poet, died in London from ulcers of the larynx.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Emily Lawless: 17 June 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Lawless

17 June 1845

EL , future novelist and poet, was born at Lyons Castle in county Kildare, Ireland.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

By 21 June 1845: Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu published his first...

Writing climate item

By 21 June 1845

Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu published his first novel, The Cock and Anchor.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
921 (1845): 609
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

Elizabeth Gaskell: July 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

July 1845

While on holiday in Wales, EG 's children Marianne and Willie became ill with scarlet fever; Willie, her only surviving son, died on 10 August.
Uglow, Jennifer S. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. Faber and Faber, 1993.
152

Dinah Mulock Craik: 5 July 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Dinah Mulock Craik

5 July 1845

Dinah Mulock 's poem Good Seed appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal.
Mitchell, Sally. Dinah Mulock Craik. Twayne, 1983.
chronology

21 July 1845: The Museums Act passed, enabling municipalities...

Building item

21 July 1845

The Museums Act passed, enabling municipalities of ten thousand or more residents to levy taxes to finance the establishment and maintenance of local museums of art and science.
Black, Alistair. A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Political Contexts, 1850-1914. Leicester University Press, 1996.
32
Black, Alistair. A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Political Contexts, 1850-1914. Leicester University Press, 1996.
32
Kelly, Thomas. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain 1845-1975. 2nd ed., Library Association, 1977.
10
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

Mary Taylor: 24 July 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Taylor

24 July 1845

After sailing from London on 18 March, MT arrived at Wellington, New Zealand, aboard the Louisa Campbell.
Taylor, Mary. Mary Taylor, Friend of Charlotte Brontë: Letters from New Zealand and Elsewhere. Editor Stevens, Joan, Auckland University Press; Oxford University Press, 1972.
57

26 July 1845: The Great Britain, the first propeller-driven...

Building item

26 July 1845

The Great Britain, the first propeller-driven steam liner to cross the Atlantic, left Liverpool for New York.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
95
Kemp, Peter, editor. Encyclopedia of Ships and Seafaring. Stanford Maritime, 1980.
85

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: August 1845-Spring 1846

Women writers item

August 1845-Spring 1846

Elizabeth Barrett wrote the series of Sonnets from the Portuguese: the 43rd, the penultimite one of the series, became one of the most famous love poems in the language: How Do I Love Thee...

Marion Moss: August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Marion Moss

August 1845

MM married Alphonse Hartog , a French Jewish scholar from whom she was taking French lessons.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
107
“Jewish Encyclopedia”. JewishEncyclopedia.com, 2002.

Emma Robinson: By 2 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Robinson

By 2 August 1845

ER anonymously published Whitehall; or, The Days of Charles I, the second of her historical novels.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
927(1845): 763

4 August 1845: The Lunatics Act was passed, making county...

National or international item

4 August 1845

The Lunatics Act was passed, making county administrations throughout England and Wales responsible for the management of lunatics.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
17, 54
McCandless, Peter. “Liberty and Lunacy: The Victorians and Wrongful Confinement”. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era, edited by Andrew Scull, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981, pp. 339-62.
340
Scull, Andrew. The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain, 1700-1900. Yale University Press, 1993.
165
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

Mary Frere: 11 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Frere

11 August 1845

MF was born, the eldest of five children (four girls and a boy), at Bitton rectory in Gloucestershire, her father's childhood home, now occupied by her widowed grandmother.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Anna Maria Hall: 16 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Hall

16 August 1845

AMH published an Irish novel, The Whiteboy, a Story of Ireland in 1822, in two volumes.
Sage, Lorna, editor. The Cambridge Guide to Women’s Writing in English. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Keane, Maureen. Mrs. S.C. Hall: A Literary Biography. Colin Smythe, 1997.
160, 217
Athenæum. J. Lection.
929 (1845): 810

Anna Brownell Jameson: By 16 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

By 16 August 1845

ABJ published Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and of the Progress of Painting in Italy in two volumes.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
237

16 August 1845-29 May 1846: Frederick Douglass, ex-slave and anti-slavery...

Building item

16 August 1845-29 May 1846

Frederick Douglass , ex-slave and anti-slavery campaigner, visited Britain: Ireland, Scotland, and England.
Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Slave and Citizen: The Life of Frederick Douglass. Little, Brown, 1980.
24, 28, 35
Douglass, Frederick. Frederick Douglass on Women’s Rights. Editor Foner, Philip S., Greenwood Press, 1976.
10
Halbersleben, Karen I. Women’s Participation in the British Antislavery Movement, 1824-1865. Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.
191

Louisa Baldwin: 25 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Louisa Baldwin

25 August 1845

Louisa Macdonald (later LB ) was born at Wakefield in Yorkshire.
Taylor, Ina. Victorian Sisters. Adler and Adler, 1987.
15

Selina Bunbury: By 30 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Selina Bunbury

By 30 August 1845

SB drew on her travel experiences for a collection of short stories: Evenings in the Pyrenées: Comprising the Stories of Wanderers from Many Lands.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
931 (1845): 857

Caroline Chisholm: By 30 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Chisholm

By 30 August 1845

In Sydney, CC published a prospectus for her collection of surveys entitled Voluntary Information from the People of New South Wales respecting the Social Condition of the Middle and Working Classes in that Colony.
Kiddle, Margaret, and Sir Douglas Copland. Caroline Chisholm. 2nd ed., Melbourne University Press, 1957.
70
Mackenzie, Eneas. Memoirs of Mrs. Caroline Chisholm. Webb, Millington, 1852.
128

Anne Mozley: By 30 August 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Mozley

By 30 August 1845

Two years after her first Anglican anthology, AM published another, again both anonymously and at Derby, Days and Seasons; or, Church Poetry for the Year.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
931 (1845): 857

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 1 September 1845

Women writers item

1 September 1845

Elizabeth Barrett 's dog Flush was stolen again; this time it was four days before he was ransomed for the last time.
Markus, Julia. Dared and Done: The Marriage of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning. Knopf, 1995.
65-9
Taplin, Gardner B. The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Yale University Press, 1957.
176-7
Forster, Margaret. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography. Grafton, 1990.
176

Late 1845: In response to the potato blight in Ireland,...

National or international item

Late 1845

In response to the potato blight in Ireland, Sir Robert Peel's government imported £100,000 of American corn to control prices, and encouraged Irish landowners to provide wage labour to tenants.
Adelman, Paul. Great Britain and the Irish Question 1800-1922. Hodder and Stoughton, 1996.
59-60

Caroline Clive: By 6 September 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Clive

By 6 September 1845

CC anonymously published a satire on John Henry Newman and the Oxford Movement : Saint Oldooman, a myth of the nineteenth century, contained in a letter from the Bishop of Verulanum to the Lord Drayton...

9 September 1845: The potato blight was first noticed in Ireland;...

National or international item

9 September 1845

The potato blight was first noticed in Ireland; by October it was found in a wide range of locations. The following winter, the first deaths from starvation occurred and famine became a reality.
Foster, Robert Fitzroy. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Allen Lane, 1988.
607
Curtis, Liz. The Cause of Ireland: From the United Irishmen to Partition. Beyond the Pale Publications, 1994.
40-1

Fanny Kemble: 16 September 1845

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Kemble

16 September 1845

FK left the USA for England after signing a formal separation agreement from Pierce Butler which kept her apart from her daughters.
Marshall, Dorothy. Fanny Kemble. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1977.
188, 195
Adey, Lionel, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 32. Gale Research, 1984.
177
Clinton, Catherine. Fanny Kemble’s Civil Wars. Simon and Schuster, 2000.
136