Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Charlotte Brontë: Summer 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

Summer 1844

CB unsuccessfully attempted to establish a boarding school for young ladies at the Haworth Parsonage.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
439-40

Margaret Fuller: 4 June 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Margaret Fuller

4 June 1844

MF published her first major work, the autobiographical travel narrative Summer on the Lakes, in 1843.
Mehren, Joan von. Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.
181

L. T. Meade: 5 June 1844

Women writers item
Author event in L. T. Meade

5 June 1844

Elizabeth Thomasina Meade (later LTM ) was born at Bandon, Cork, in a pretty little vicarage in the heart of the country.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Black, Helen C. Pen, Pencil, Baton and Mask: Biographical Sketches. Spottiswoode, 1896.
223

6 June 1844: The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)...

Building item

6 June 1844

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) was founded by George Williams at a meeting in London.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
1419
Williams, J. E. Hodder. Life of Sir George Williams: Founder of the Young Men’s Christian Association. A. C. Armstrong, 1906.
107-10

6 June 1844: A new Factory Act was implemented, limiting...

National or international item

6 June 1844

A new Factory Act was implemented, limiting female factory workers of eighteen years and over to the same hours as young persons aged thirteen to seventeen.
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
161-181
Chapman, Annie Beatrice Wallis, and Mary Wallis Chapman. The Status of Women Under the English Law. George Routledge and Sons, 1909.
49

Anthony Trolllope: 11 June 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Anthony Trolllope

11 June 1844

AT married Rose Heseltine , the daughter of Edward John Heseltine, a banker from Yorkshire.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Charlotte Despard: 15 June 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Despard

15 June 1844

Charlotte French (later CD ) was born at Ripple Vale in Kent, where her family had an estate.
Linklater, Andro. An Unhusbanded Life. Hutchinson, 1980.
21

17 June 1844: Søren Kierkegaard published The Concept of...

Writing climate item

17 June 1844

Søren Kierkegaard published The Concept of Dread.
Arbaugh, George E., and George B. Arbaugh. Kierkegaard’s Authorship; A Guide to the Writings of Kierkegaard. Augustana College Library, 1967.
158

Catherine Gore : 18 June 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Gore

18 June 1844

CG 's prize-winning final play, Quid Pro Quo; or, The Day of Dupes, opened at the Haymarket Theatre .
Donkin, Ellen. “Mrs. Gore gives tit for tat”. Women and Playwriting in Nineteenth-Century Britain, edited by Tracy C. Davis and Ellen Donkin, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 54-74.
57
Gore, Catherine. “Introduction”. Gore on Stage: The Plays of Catherine Gore, edited by John Franceschina, Garland, 1999, pp. 1-34.
26

Susanna Moodie: 18 June 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

18 June 1844

SM 's five-year-old son drowned in the Moira River.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
162
Peterman, Michael. Susanna Moodie: A Life. ECW Press, 1999.
134

Harriet Martineau: 22 June 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

22 June 1844

HM was mesmerised for the first time; on pursuing the treatment, she was staggered to find that she eventually regained her health.
Martineau, Harriet, and Gaby Weiner. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography. Virago, 1983, 2 vols.
2: 214

24 June 1844-April 1846: William Henry Fox Talbot published Pencil...

Writing climate item

24 June 1844-April 1846

William Henry Fox Talbot published Pencil of Nature, the first mainstream book to feature photographic illustrations.
Davis, Phil. Photography. 3rd ed., W. C. Brown, 1979.
7
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
Williams, Val, and Susan Bright. How We Are: Photographing Britain. Tate Publishing, 2007.
203n7
Serially published by Longman's over the period specified, Fox Talbot's book bore the imprint of 1844.

Grace Aguilar: By July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

By July 1844

Grace Aguilar published Records of Israel: Two Tales, historical romances set in Portugal and Spain.
This is dated from a brief notice of it in Isaac Leeser 's The Occident, and American Jewish...

Mary Boyle: Summer 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Boyle

Summer 1844

MB 's father died at Salt-Hill near Slough in Buckinghamshire.
Boyle, Mary. Mary Boyle. Her Book. Editor Boyle, Sir Courtenay Edmund, E. P. Dutton; John Murray, 1902.
170

Sara Coleridge: July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Sara Coleridge

July 1844

SC met Thomas Carlyle at a party at St Mark's College in Chelsea (the earliest teacher training college).
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, and Sara Coleridge. Sara Coleridge, a Victorian Daughter: Her Life and Essays. Yale University Press, 1989.
124

Georgiana Fullerton: By July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Georgiana Fullerton

By July 1844

GF published her first novel, Ellen Middleton: A Tale, in three volumes.
The Edinburgh Review. A. and C. Black.
80 (1844): 199

Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna: July 1844

Women writers item

July 1844

CET presented a petition on behalf of oppressed Russian Jews to Tsar Nicholas I . Signatories included many who shared her domestic reform agenda, including Lord Shaftesbury
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Shelley: July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Shelley

July 1844

MS published, anonymously, her final book: Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842 and 1843.
Shelley, Mary. “Introduction”. Lodore, edited by Lisa Vargo, Broadview, 1997, pp. 9-45.
45

Catherine Gore : By July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Gore

By July 1844

CG inherited money from Sir Charles Mary Wentworth , who was her godfather.
Gary Simons asserts that the story of her inheriting in 1850 from the Rev. Charles Raly is mistaken.
Simons, Gary. Email to Isobel Grundy about Catherine Gore. 12 Oct. 2016.
National Archives. “National Register of Archives (NRA)”. National Archives (UK), 1995.
Simons, Gary. Email to Isobel Grundy about Catherine Gore. 12 Oct. 2016.

Catherine Hutton: 13 July 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Hutton

13 July 1844

In her late eighties, CH wrote a letter to her young friend Markham John Thorpe detailing the work she had carried out during her lifetime; the Gentleman's Magazine printed this account soon after her death...

Gerard Manley Hopkins: 28 July 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Gerard Manley Hopkins

28 July 1844

The future priest and poet GMH was born in Stratford, Essex (then just outside London), the eldest of nine children.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Howitt: Probably 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Howitt

Probably 1844

Thomas Tegg published MH 's My Own Story; or, The Autobiography of a Child, to complete the series Tales for the People and their Children.
Library catalogues date My Own Story to 1845;...

Queen Victoria: 6 August 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Victoria

6 August 1844

At Windsor, QV gave birth to her fourth child, Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh and Duke of Coburg , commonly referred to as Affie.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press, 1996.
xiv

6 August 1844: An Act to Amend the Laws relating to Aliens...

National or international item

6 August 1844

An Act to Amend the Laws relating to Aliens granted foreign women automatic British citizenship upon marriage to a British subject.
Atkins, Susan, and Brenda Hale. Women and the Law. Basil Blackwell, 1984.
183
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
391-5

Barbara Hofland: 8 August 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Barbara Hofland

8 August 1844

BH dated the Author's Note to her Emily's Reward; or, The Holiday Trip to Paris, designed for children.
Butts, Dennis. Mistress of our Tears, A Literary and Bibliographical Study of Barbara Hofland. Scolar Press, 1992.
93