Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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9 August 1844: The Regulation of Railways Act (otherwise...

National or international item

9 August 1844

The Regulation of Railways Act (otherwise known as Gladstone 's Act) was passed.
Hoole, Ken et al. Rail 150: The Stockton and Darlington Railway and What Followed. Eyre Methuen, 1975.
59
Simmons, Jack. The Railway in England and Wales 1830-1914. Leicester University Press, 1978.
37
Allen, G. Freeman. Railways: Past, Present and Future. Orbis Publishing, 1982.
49-50, 74
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

By 10 August 1844: Coventry Patmore published Poems, his first...

Writing climate item

By 10 August 1844

Coventry Patmore published Poems, his first collection, which included The Woodman's Daughter.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
876 (1844): 727
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Weinig, Mary Anthony. Coventry Patmore. Twayne, 1981.
30, 37

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 13 August 1844

Women writers item

13 August 1844

Elizabeth Barrett published Poems in two volumes, with the prestigious house of Edward Moxon .
Garrett, Martin. A Browning Chronology: Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning. Macmillan, 2000.
49

Edith J. Simcox: 21 August 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Edith J. Simcox

21 August 1844

Edith Jemima Simcox was born; she was the only daughter in her family, and the youngest of three children.
McKenzie, Keith Alexander, and Gordon S. Haight. Edith Simcox and George Eliot. Oxford University Press, 1961.
4

Jessie Ellen Cadell: 23 August 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Jessie Ellen Cadell

23 August 1844

Jessie Ellen Nash (later JEC ) was born in Hampstead Road, London.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps: 31 August 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Elizabeth Stuart Phelps

31 August 1844

ESP was born Mary Gray Phelps in the parsonage of the Pine Street Congregational Church at 99 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kessler, Carol Farley. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. Twayne, 1982.
1

Mary Somerville: September 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Somerville

September 1844

MS visited Britain from Italy.
Somerville, Mary. Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville. Editor Somerville, Martha, 1815 - 1879, Roberts Brothers, 1874.
270

9 September 1844: The inaugural meeting of the British Archaeological...

Building item

9 September 1844

The inaugural meeting of the British Archaeological Association was held at Canterbury; it lasted for a highly successful week, and attracted two or three hundred delegates of both sexes.
Planché, James Robinson. The Recollections and Reflections of J.R. Planché. Tinsley Brothers, 1872, 2 vols.
90-4

Mary Ann Browne: October 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Ann Browne

October 1844

MAB published in the Dublin University Magazine (under her married name of Gray) her Sketches from the Antique—Third Series.
Dublin University Magazine. William Curry, Jun.
24 (October 1844)

Margaret Fuller: 1 October 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Margaret Fuller

1 October 1844

MF left Boston by train to take up a new position as a literary and social critic for the New York Daily Tribune, edited by Horace Greeley .
Mehren, Joan von. Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.
187
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
73

5 October 1844: A weekly newspaper for women entitled Ladies'...

Writing climate item

5 October 1844

A weekly newspaper for women entitled Ladies' Own Journal and Miscellany began publication in Edinburgh.
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
21

Fanny Holcroft: 7 October 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Holcroft

7 October 1844

FH died, allegedly of mania, at 40 Cumberland Street, London.
Ashfield, Andrew, editor. Romantic Women Poets. Manchester University Press, 1997–1998, 2 vols.
2:88

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche: 15 October 1844

Writing climate item

15 October 1844

FWN , philosopher and classical philologist, was born in Röcken, Saxony, Germany.
Holligdale, Reginald John, and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. “Translator’s Notes”. Twilight of the Idols; and, The Anti-Christ, Penguin, 1990, pp. 25-7.
25

Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 19 October 1844

Women writers item

19 October 1844

Elizabeth Barrett 's beloved Flush was again dognapped.
The year after this Catherine Gore published a novel narrated by a dog, The Story of a Royal Favourite, which features this mode of extortion by...

Frances Browne: By 26 October 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Browne

By 26 October 1844

FB published, with her name, her first book: The Star of Attéghéi; the Vision of Schwartz; and Other Poems; the title piece features a cross-dressing heroine.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
887 (1844): 963

Elizabeth Rigby: November 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

November 1844

ER anonymously published Hints on the Modern Governess System in Fraser's Magazine.
Rigby, Elizabeth. “Hints on the Modern Governess System”. Fraser’s Magazine, Vol.
30
, Nov. 1844, pp. 571-83.
571-83

Catherine Maria Grey: By November 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Catherine Maria Grey

By November 1844

The Gambler's Wife. A Novel, a popular silver fork novel by the author of The Young Prima Donna, The Belle of the Familly, The Old Dower House, &c., who (we now know) is...

Barbara Hofland: 4 November 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Barbara Hofland

4 November 1844

BH died at Richmond in Surrey, of erysipelas exacerbated by the effects of a fall when going upstairs after her usual late-night shift of writing.
Her first biographer, Thomas Ramsay , gives the date...

Flora Tristan: 14 November 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Flora Tristan

14 November 1844

FT died of typhoid at the age of forty-one at Bordeaux in France.
Cross, Máire, and Tim Gray. The Feminism of Flora Tristan. Berg, 1992.
9
Grogan, Susan. Flora Tristan: Life Stories. Routledge, 1998.
202, 225
Hahner, June E. “Flora Tristan, Peregrinations of a Self-Proclaimed Pariah”. Women through Women’s Eyes: Latin American Women in Nineteenth-Century Travel Accounts, edited by June E. Hahner, Scholarly Resources Books, 1998, pp. 21-42.
22

Ada Cambridge: 21 November 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Ada Cambridge

21 November 1844

AC was born at Wiggenhall St Germans in Norfolk.
There are four villages named Wiggenhall, distinguished by the names of their parish churches. Wiggenhall St Germans (or St Germains) lies among Wiggenhall St Mary...

Harriet Martineau: 23 November-21 December 1844

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

23 November-21 December 1844

HM published five letters on Mesmerism under the title Miss Martineau on Mesmerism in the Athenæum; they provoked controversy over her claim to have been cured by the new scientific process.
Pichanick, Valerie Kossew. Harriet Martineau: The Woman and Her Work, 1802-76. University of Michigan Press, 1980.
132, 265n65

Margaret Fuller: December 1844

Writing climate item
Author event in Margaret Fuller

December 1844

MF began writing columns on social and literary issues for the New York Daily Tribune.
Mehren, Joan von. Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. University of Massachusetts Press, 1994.
187

Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna: Probably late 1844

Women writers item

Probably late 1844

CET published Mesmerism: A Letter to Miss Martineau (whose letters on this topic in the Athenæum had begun to appear on 23 November).
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Khorana, Meena, and Judith Gero John, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 163. Gale Research, 1996.
309

December 1844: Thirty citizens of Rochdale pooled their...

National or international item

December 1844

Thirty citizens of Rochdale pooled their funds to set up the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers ; they opened a small shop selling household supplies.
Ellwood, Wayne. “Co-ops offer a far better way to organize economic activity”. CCPA Monitor, Vol.
19
, No. 4, Sept. 2012, pp. 8-10.
8, 9

2 December 1844: The last issue of the British and Foreign...

Writing climate item

2 December 1844

The last issue of the British and Foreign Review was published.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
3: 92