Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Jean Middlemass: 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Jean Middlemass

1834

Mary Jane Middlemass, later the popular novelist JM , was born in Regent's Park, London.
Black, Helen C. Notable Women Authors of the Day. D. Bryce, 1893.
264
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne: 1834

Women writers item

1834

Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne , embarked on a six-year continental tour which included France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Nairne, Carolina Oliphant, Lady, and Caroline Oliphant. Life and Songs of the Baroness Nairne. Editor Rogers, Charles, J. Grant, 1896.
63-4

Florence Nightingale : 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

1834

At the age of fourteen, FN became involved in the activities of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (although actual membership was not yet open to women).
Webb, Val. Florence Nightingale: The Making of a Radical Theologian. Chalice, 2002.
24

Caroline Norton: 1834-8

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

1834-8

CN edited The English Annual, in which she placed many of her own stories.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Adelaide O'Keeffe: 1834

Women writers item
Author event in Adelaide O'Keeffe

1834

AOK was awarded a pension from the Crown of £50 a year: half, that is, what her father had been receiving from the same source at the time of his death.
Archives of the Royal Literary Fund, 1790-1918.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under John O'Keeffe

1834: Honoré de Balzac's novel Esther Heureuse,...

Writing climate item

1834

Honoré de Balzac 's novel Esther Heureuse, part of his Comédie humaine, appeared, introducing those who were able to read it in French to an early representation of l'amour sapphique or lesbianism.
Linton, Eliza Lynn. “Introduction”. The Rebel of the Family, edited by Deborah T. Meem, Broadview, 2002, pp. 9-18.
11
Linton, Eliza Lynn. “Introduction”. The Rebel of the Family, edited by Deborah T. Meem, Broadview, 2002, pp. 9-18.
11
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

1834: The British Treasury instituted a Civil Service...

Building item

1834

The British Treasury instituted a Civil Service examination in order to select the most suitable of three nominees chosen from a list prepared by the Patronage Secretary.
Cohen, Emmeline W. The Growth of the British Civil Service 1780-1939. Archon Books, 1965, http://U of G.
75-7

1834: Kirkpatrick MacMillan, a Scottish blacksmith,...

Building item

1834

Kirkpatrick MacMillan , a Scottish blacksmith, invented the pedal tricycle at Keir, Dumfriesshire, Scotland.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
260

1834: Great Britain began to grow tea in India...

National or international item

1834

Great Britain began to grow tea in India for the home market; the trade was highly profitable.
Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne. A History of Food. Translator Bell, Anthea, Blackwell, 1992.
598

1834-1836: Edward Bouverie Pusey contributed to Tracts...

Writing climate item

1834-1836

Edward Bouverie Pusey contributed to Tracts for the Times, the influential series which had given the Tractarian Movement its name.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1834: Mazzini and several hundred supporters planned...

National or international item

1834

Mazzini and several hundred supporters planned an invasion of Savoy to overthrow the King of Piedmont.
Gildea, Robert. Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914. Oxford University Press, 1987.
71
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
115

1834: William Milner founded his own publishing...

Writing climate item

1834

William Milner founded his own publishing business in Halifax, Yorkshire.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 208

1834: Edward Churton, junior partner in the publishing...

Writing climate item

1834

Edward Churton , junior partner in the publishing firm Bull and Churton , succeeded to the business and founded E. Churton and Company at 26 Holles Street, Cavendish Square, London.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 118

1834: The Poor Man's Guardian, the virtual organ...

National or international item

1834

The Poor Man's Guardian, the virtual organ of the National Union of the Working Classes , was (after publishing for three years) declared legal.
Goodway, David. London Chartism, 1838-1848. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
21

1834: Anne Isabella, Lady Noel Byron, founded an...

Building item

1834

Anne Isabella, Lady Noel Byron , founded an industrial and agricultural school at Ealing Grove.
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
112

1834: German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovered...

Building item

1834

German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovered an antidote for arsenic poison.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
300

1834: The Adelphi Theatre introduced the mechanical...

Building item

1834

The Adelphi Theatre introduced the mechanical sinking stage into theatre technology.
Mander, Raymond, and Joe Mitchenson. The Theatres of London. Rupert Hart-Davis, 1963.
17

1834: A monthly periodical entitled Mother's Magazine...

Writing climate item

1834

A monthly periodical entitled Mother's Magazine began publication in London.
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
216
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
15

1834-1839: The Carlist Wars were fought in Spain, mounted...

National or international item

1834-1839

The Carlist Wars were fought in Spain, mounted by challengers to the reign of the infant Isabella II . There were renewed outbreaks of these civil wars in the 1840s and the 1870s.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
159

1834: The Theatre Royal, English Opera House became...

Building item

1834

The Theatre Royal, English Opera House became known as the Royal Lyceum Theatre upon opening in a newly-constructed building.
Mander, Raymond, and Joe Mitchenson. The Theatres of London. Rupert Hart-Davis, 1963.
283

About 1834: Architect Joseph Aloysius Hansom brought...

Building item

About 1834

Architect Joseph Aloysius Hansom brought the patented safety cab (hansom) to London streets; it became the most popular and numerous of types of hackney cab.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
260
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
88
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
under Cabriolet and Hackney Carriage

1834: North Union Railway formed from the union...

National or international item

1834

North Union Railway formed from the union of Wigan Branch Railway and Preston and Wigan in the first railway amalgamation approved by Parliament.
Simmons, Jack. The Railway in England and Wales 1830-1914. Leicester University Press, 1978.
24

1834: The Pantheon in London was converted into...

Building item

1834

The Pantheon in London was converted into a Bazaar specializing in fancy goods such as children's clothing, books, and accessories.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
22

1834: The German Customs Union was established...

National or international item

1834

The German Customs Union was established among the various German states.
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
47

1834-1848: The number of advertisements placed in newspapers...

Building item

1834-1848

The number of advertisements placed in newspapers between these years rose from 1,112,305 to 1,902,322.
Nevett, Terry R. Advertising in Britain: A History. Heinemann, 1982.
25-7