in the eyes of some, the heroine here defies such a one-sided image. Leonard Woolf
found Mary Jocelyn very reserved and gave one the physical and mental impression at first of being governess in a nineteenth century sense. But [the reader] soon felt that there was a great deal in reserve.
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
60741 (4 October 1980): 8
Readers often drew comparisons with other women writers. A reviewer for The Times was reminded of Charlotte Brontë
's educated plain wallflowers;
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
60741 (4 October 1980): 8
another, in the TLS, wrote that Mary's awakening to passion and subsequent realization of what her life lacks [is] almost as moving as the climax of George EliotMiddlemarch.
LTM
was educated entirely at home, largely by a governess. She was never taught drawing, for which she had both the talent and desire, but was expected to spend five hours a day in piano practice. Eventually her mother, who so badly wanted her to learn, found that this was counter-productive.
Black, Helen C. Pen, Pencil, Baton and Mask: Biographical Sketches. Spottiswoode, 1896.
LAM
was educated by a governess and her mother. Louisa Anne was fond of her daily governess, Miss Smith, who taught music, English and French, though she did not consider her very profound. Her mother helped with her French accent.
Rae-Ellis, Vivienne. Louisa Anne Meredith: A Tigress in Exile. St David’s Park, 1990.
The plot as summarised by a reviewer is preposterous romance. The heroine runs away from home and works as a governess. She is carried off, by violence, to a desert island; escapes in a boat, with a young woman alone, to an island still more deserted; finds her lover in this spot dying, whom she recovers; and they are at last rescued by a rival. All, however, ends happily.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
LMWM
said later that her education by a governess was the worst possible. But probably in her early teens, she resolved on stealing the Latin language, and set herself secretly to study five or eight hours a day in her father's library, whilst everybody else thought I was reading nothing but novels and romances.
qtd. in
Spence, Joseph. Observations, Anecdotes, and Characters of Books and Men, Collected from Conversation. Editor Osborn, James M., Clarendon Press, 1966, 2 vols.
no. 743
Spence, Joseph. Letters from the Grand Tour. Editor Klima, Slava, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1975.
357
Spence, Joseph. Observations, Anecdotes, and Characters of Books and Men, Collected from Conversation. Editor Osborn, James M., Clarendon Press, 1966, 2 vols.
She charged five guineas a quarter for Board and Washing. Entrance money was three guineas. Individual subjects (such as French, Writing, Geography, Drawing, Dancing, and Music, cost from half a guinea to one and a half guineas a quarter plus another half to one guinea at first entrance. The Plan of the establishment, published at the beginning of The School volume two, says that the young Ladies, who are of sufficient age, will be made to keep a Journal of the Employment of every Hour; and, at the End of each Day, the Governess will write a Testimony of their good or bad Behaviour.
Murray, Sarah. The School, being a Series of Letters, Between a Young Lady and her Mother. W Flexney, 1766–1772, 3 vols.
2: prelims
This second volume gives the school's address as Miles Court instead of Beauford Square (which is just behind the Theatre Royal), and its proprietor's name as Mease instead of Maese.
Carolina Oliphant (later COLN
) was brought up primarily by her father and grandmother. She and her sisters had an English governess to teach them an accent different from their native very broad Scots, as well as a clergyman tutor (chaplain to the household), who prayed for the exiled Stuarts in the prayers specified for the Hanoverian royal family. A master came regularly to teach them dancing (which Carolina loved).
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Drummond, Peter Robert. Perthshire in Bygone Days: One Hundred Biographical Essays. W. B. Whittingham, 1879.
Again Kipling
wrote comically about the effect of her work in his household: how the governess had to read it aloud again and again, and his wife just all the time, and himself too, but not more than three times,
qtd. in
Briggs, Julia. A Woman of Passion: The Life of E. Nesbit, 1858-1924. Hutchinson, 1987.
255
and how they want a lot more of the same sort quick.
qtd. in
Briggs, Julia. A Woman of Passion: The Life of E. Nesbit, 1858-1924. Hutchinson, 1987.
256
H. G. Wells
, too, wrote to say that EN
had now outstripped even Juliana Ewing
in his esteem: It is the best larking I ever saw. . . . you will become a British Institution.
qtd. in
Briggs, Julia. A Woman of Passion: The Life of E. Nesbit, 1858-1924. Hutchinson, 1987.
Florence received a liberal education from her father.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2025, 22 vols. plus supplements.
She studied Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, history, composition, and philosophy. Her reading materials included Sarah Trimmer
's New and Comprehensive Lessons, Containing a New and General Outline of the Roman History.
Jackson, Heather. Marginalia: Readers’ Notes in Books, 1700-2000. Yale University Press, 2001.
21-2
She also received a solid grounding in Jeremy Bentham
's utilitarian principles. A governess provided music, voice, needlework, and art lessons. Young FN
was interested in botany and kept a detailed catalogue of her specimens.
During these years Charlotte was taught by a governess.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Like Mr. Sandford, this story is deliberately flagged by the author as offering the protagonist a way out her dilemma which is not true to life. In it a French governess of thirty-five is saved from present exploitation and a bleak future by braving disapproval to marry her English employer's highly eligible brother. Both the sympathy with a French character and the happy working out of the love-story are rare in Oliphant's work.
Timeline item
1865 Emmeline Lott published The English Governess...
Emmeline Lott
published The English Governess in Egypt: Harem Life in Egypt and Constantinople.. Different editions over the next few years, in England and the USA, used variant forms of the title and subtitle (often different forms on the title-page and elsewhere).
February 1855 Governess Célestine Doudet stood trial for...
GovernessCélestine Doudet
stood trial for manslaughter after being accused of violence resulting in the unintended death of Mary Ann Marsden
, one of the children in her care.
Hartman, Mary S. Victorian Murderesses. Schocken Books, 1977.
O’Connor, Anne V. “The Revolution in Girls’ Secondary Education in Ireland, 1860-1910”. Girls Don’t Do Honours: Irish Women in Education in the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Mary Cullen, Women’s Education Bureau, 1987, pp. 31-54.