During the late 1950s and early 1960s MB
became involved with several political causes. She joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
(CND), and was arrested and roughed up by the police on a demonstration of a thousand people outside the airforce base at Ruislip. She sent a long letter to Nye Bevan
and Jennie Lee
on 8 July 1958 (later in the year CND was founded), asking them to clarify their position on nuclear disarmament.
Box, Muriel. Odd Woman Out. Leslie Frewin.
234, 235-7
She was also elected to the general council of her union, the Association of Cine and Television Technicians
, and she went as their delegate to the Women's Labour Party
conference at Blackpool. She was, however, opposed to holding a separate women's conference, and believed that after forty years of suffrage women should feel free to speak while standing shoulder to shoulder with men.
It is therefore a mistake to suppose that she did not belong to any explicitly feminist organisations or networks.
Tylee, Claire M. et al., editors. War Plays by Women: An International Anthology. Routledge.
111
She also made her feminist opinions plain in both her life and her writing. After her second marriage she became an increasingly active campaigner for women's rights, and an ally of Edith Summerskill
in attempting divorce reform.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Though ML
held left-wing political opinions, she described herself as not a good socialist (meaning that she shaped her opinions for herself, not adhering to a party line). She cared more for the generally humanist aspect of socialism than for a specific political agenda.
Bloom, Archbishop Anthony. God and Man. Darton, Longman and Todd.
13
In the 1950s, during the Cold War, she belonged to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)
(founded on 17 February 1958 with Bertrand Russell
as its first president, still campaigning in the early twenty-first century for nuclear disarmament and for non-damaging alternatives to nuclear energy).
Pringle, David, editor. St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost & Gothic Writers. St James Press.
Though politics bulked much less large in her childhood than religion, it had some presence. Her mother was a snob about class, but an ill-defined pacifist, who later wore a CND
badge and donated money to Peace News.
Arrowsmith, Pat. I Should Have Been a Hornby Train. Heretic Books.
77
The family interest in Christian missionary activity, though no doubt condescending on the part of her parents, gave the very young Pat a clear perception of a multi-racial world, as depicted, for instance, on the cover of the children's missionary magazine The Round World. She learned about Nazi atrocities early through contact with Jewish refugees.
Arrowsmith, Pat. I Should Have Been a Hornby Train. Heretic Books.
78-9
When aged fifteen, at the end of the second world war, she and a friend saw a newsreel of the opening of concentration camps. She was concerned to find that since she had heard about it all beforehand, she was left hardened against feeling undue horror,
Arrowsmith, Pat. I Should Have Been a Hornby Train. Heretic Books.
79
but she wrote in her diary that such hardening of young people may point to the fact that when they are grown up & hold the reigns [sic] of government in their own hands, they will be fitted to deal with all wrongs, cruelties & injustices, ruthlessly & with a cool lack of emotion which might go a long way to stamp them out. Being hardened, she felt, might make for more effective political action than being emotional idealists.
Arrowsmith, Pat. I Should Have Been a Hornby Train. Heretic Books.
80
She did not react strongly to the atom bombs on Japan, and by the time of the postwar general election her political consciousness had not developed much further than a generalised willingness for change.
Arrowsmith, Pat. I Should Have Been a Hornby Train. Heretic Books.
She has been a feminist from the time that the women's movement began, and also a passionate campaigner against war, particularly nuclear war. She writes of these forces of destruction as a third parent / a godfather at every baby's christening from the time that she was born, unconscious of all this, during the second world war.
Kazantzis, Judith et al. Touch Papers. Allison and Busby.
19
For some years she was a regular on the Easter marches of CND
to the nuclear research establishment at Aldermaston in Berkshire.
Kazantzis, Judith et al. Touch Papers. Allison and Busby.
22
She calls herself anti-militarist, anti-establishment, out to change society and reshape the role of women.
Kazantzis, Judith. “The Errant Unicorn”. On Gender and Writing, edited by Michelene Wandor, Pandora Press, pp. 24-30.
This novel deals rather briefly with the social and commercial success constructed for himself by Gordon Hammond (a self-made builder), then in more detail the flying apart of this apparently stable construction and the re-assemblage of its parts in more fluid, contingent, and unexpected configurations. The early, upward stages of Gordon's life are charted by their background in public events: the CND
marches, the dream of Martin Luther King
. Gordon builds a substantial Tudor-style house for his wife and his three daughters, who attend private schools, grow up, and settle down. Then Gordon falls in love with a nurse, April, and leaves his wife, whereupon not only her life but those of the daughters and grandchildren fall apart. Gordon's daughter Louise (the rich one with a venture-capitalist husband) suffers through her two children. Her horsey daughter, Imogen, gets pregnant by the sexy local blacksmith and supposes she is running away to be happy with him when she realises she is just one among his many other women; meanwhile Imogen's brother Jamie gets involved with a gang of car-thieves. Of Gordon's other daughters, Prudence (the intellectual university graduate) finds herself committed by her male, married lover to a three-in-a-bed orgy, while Maddy (the lesbian youngest) leaves her female lover, who is a self-obsessed, best-selling writer. Their troubles bring the estranged sisters back together to confront their problems with shared panache. In a climactic scene they grab the microphone at a horse show and broadcast a satirical account of the doings of the blacksmith as a stud, inflicting serious humiliation on him. When their father, Gordon, dies (of a heart attack brought on by keeping up with April on the dance floor), their mother marries again in her sixties, while the sisters set up house together, drawing into their orbit the needy child Allegra (daughter of Maddy's lover), Allegra's Indian father Aziz (who appears perhaps to have something going with Prudence), and Imogen with her baby. The happy ending represented by this mostly-female, baby-sharing household irresistibly recalls E. M. Forster
's Howards End.
ZF
sees information as critical to understanding and politically aware action, and her work highlights aspects of contemporary living and of women's experience in ways which inform judgement. She seeks to explores tensions between feminist awareness and practical survival in an exploitative society, and to raise awareness of socialist and anti-nuclear issues. She has supported the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
(CND), and published polemics in support of that organization, of women's studies, and of the housing charity and pressure group Shelter
.
Feminist Companion Archive.
Fairbairns, Zoë et al., editors. Tales I Tell My Mother. Journeyman.
Not long afterwards, she and her friends in London were pursuing street politics to the left of the Labour Party
, like mounting a carnival float at a CND
festival to represent and caricature Real Women as glossily produced and sexily displayed to attract and to pleasure men.
Roberts, Michèle. Paper Houses. Virago.
46-7
This was the carnivalesque and amusing side of feminism.
Roberts, Michèle. Paper Houses. Virago.
48
The female house-mates launched a consciousness-raising group which still lacked a vocabulary for many of the subjects it wanted to discuss.
Roberts, Michèle. Paper Houses. Virago.
48-9
(Sex was a harder topic than the fact that straight men didn't dream of doing housework because it was women's work; lowly work, a problem many revolutionary men refused to discuss.) After other women joined the group, a couple of husbands stalked in and yanked their wives away.
Roberts, Michèle. Paper Houses. Virago.
49
Timeline item
Late October 1955 The Welsh poet R. S. (Ronald Stuart) Thomas...
Thomas was an Anglican clergyman, an English speaker who taught himself fluent Welsh and supported a strong Welsh nationalistic political position as well as such movements as CND
. The title poem of this volume had already appeared in the TLS.
His later volumes include Laboratories of the Spirit, 1975, Frequencies, 1978, Mass for Hard Times, 1992, and No Truce with the Furies, 1995. By the time of his death in 2000 he was very highly regarded and had been nominated for the Nobel prize.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Timeline item
17 February 1958 CND, or the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,...
CND, or the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
, was founded at a public meeting in London; it held its first march that spring, at the Easter weekend.
Timeline item
Easter Weekend 1958 CND (the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)...
CND (the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
) held its first Easter march from London to Aldermaston in Berkshire, site of the British army's chief nuclear research establishment.
Timeline item
8 October 1959 Judith Hart, Labour candidate and founding...
She had stood unsuccessfully against Lady Tweedsmuir of Belhelvie
for Aberdeen South in 1955. CND politics occupied much of her early career. She went on to serve as a Cabinet Minister under Harold Wilson
and to be (briefly) first joint chair of the Women's National Commission
.
Timeline item
19 April 1960 The column of anti-nuclear Easter marchers...
A crowd of about an equal number of people was awaiting the marchers at their destination. The police acknowledged that this third annual march staged by CND
was the largest demonstration ever held in Trafalgar Square.
Timeline item
17 September 1961 The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)...
JK
's adoptive mother (my mum), Helen Kay
, was (like her husband) a white Communist Party activist. She came from Lochgelly in Fife, where her father was a miner,
Kay, Jackie. Red Dust Road. Pan Macmillan.
23
and where in 1945 she was chosen to be the Queen of Peace . . . and was driven in a lorry down the main street.
Kay, Jackie. “A return to grass roots”. The Guardian, pp. Review 4 - 5.
4
In New Zealand, where she met her husband, she had worked as a waitress and in a factory—where she nearly lost her job for getting up a petition for the restoration of Paul Robeson
's US passport (which had been confiscated because he was a Communist). Her parents emigrated to join the young couple, and remained in New Zealand after the Kays returned to Scotland. Later Helen was the Scottish secretary for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
(CND); on at least one occasion she was jailed for demonstrating. She taught in primary schools, and travelled extensively under Communist Party
auspices.
Kay, Jackie. “My other dad is an African prince”. The Observer, pp. New Review 10 - 13.
Review 10, 12
Kay, Jackie. Red Dust Road. Pan Macmillan.
18-19, 32-3, 241
Timeline item
12 February 1962 Six members of the Committee of 100 (an anti-nuclear...
Six members of the Committee of 100 (an anti-nuclear group recently founded as an offshoot of CND) were sentenced to imprisonment for conspiring to enter a US air base.
Timeline item
15 April 1962 The final stages of CND's annual Aldermaston...
The final stages of CND's annual Aldermaston march were marred by outbreaks of disorder.
Bibliography item
Letter to a Parish Priest
Frankau, Pamela. Letter to a Parish Priest. Christian CND.
Timeline item
11 May 1963 The Committee of 100 (a disarmament group...
The Committee of 100
(a disarmament group with which Pat Arrowsmith
was associated, offshoot of CND
) held a demonstration at the RAF
base at Marham in Norfolk.
Timeline item
April 1965 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) demonstrators...
19 September 1970 Inspired by a blues festival held at the...
In 1981 the event lasted three days; a permanent stage was built, which doubled in winter as a barn. This time the Festival, costing eight pounds and attended by 18,000 people, raised £20,000 for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
, CND. Highlights of later history included continuing enormous growth in size, various legal problems and confrontations with local authorities hostile to such disruption in normal life, and torrential rain or seas of mud in 1982, 1997, 1998, and 2005. Feminist groups like Shakespeare's Sisters
have appeared at the Festival, and it has become associated with causes like wind power and recycling, as well as campaigns like Make Poverty History.