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1847: During this period of widespread hunger,...

National or international item

1847

During this period of widespread hunger, one third of the population in East and West Prussia ate only potatoes, owing to lack of bread.
Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution 1789-1848. Vintage, 1996.
205

1752: A pseudonymous M. Ludovicus argued explicitly...

Building and people item

1752

A pseudonymous M. Ludovicus argued explicitly that poverty drives women to prostitution, and that shelters should be provided to help them leave the trade.
Henderson, Tony. Disorderly Women. Longman, 1999.
183-4

Christmas 1914: German and Allied forces at the front lines...

National or international item

Christmas 1914

German and Allied forces at the front lines began an informal cease-fire, which lasted up to five days, in honour of the season.
Spartacus Educational. 28 Feb. 2003, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/.

1851-1910: Over this period, four million people in...

Building and people item

1851-1910

Over this period, four million people in Britain contracted tuberculosis and died from the disease; this accounted for thirteen percent of the total national mortality rate.
Woods, Robert, and John Woodward. “Mortality, Poverty and the Environment”. Urban Disease and Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England, edited by Robert Woods and John Woodward, St Martin’s Press, 1984, pp. 19-36.
34
Cronjé, Gillian. “Tuberculosis and Mortality Decline in England and Wales, 1851-1910”. Urban Disease and Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England, edited by Robert Woods and John Woodward, St Martin’s, 1984, pp. 79-101.
83

7 June 2012: US journalist Katherine Boo, who has made...

Writer or writing item

7 June 2012

US journalist Katherine Boo , who has made poverty her special subject, published her first book, Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity.
Blackwell’s Online Bookshop. http://Bookshop.Blackwell.co.uk.

10 September 1923: The Irish Free State (Saorstt Éireann) entered...

National or international item

10 September 1923

The Irish Free State (Saorstt Éireann) entered the League of Nations .
Foster, Robert Fitzroy. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Allen Lane, 1988.
614
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 23rd ed., Ward, Lock, 1904.
308

July 1975: Contributing to her reputation as an important...

Women writers item

July 1975

Contributing to her reputation as an important film critic, Penelope Gilliatt published a filmmaker's profile entitled Jean Renoir : Essays, Conversations, Reviews.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.
British Books in Print. J. Whitaker and Sons, 1874–1987.
1976

1794: The Cymreigyddion Society (a branch of the...

Building and people item

1794

The Cymreigyddion Society (a branch of the Gwyneddigion Society), was founded in London by twelve male Welsh residents for the purposes of holding political debates, in Welsh, on radical topics which were at this time...

30 January 1990: Surgeons at Guy's Hospital in London performed...

Building and people item

30 January 1990

Surgeons at Guy's Hospital in London performed the first surgical operation on a baby still in the womb.
Williams, Neville et al. Chronology of the 20th Century. Helicon, 1996.
499

1536: In an early example of legislation on poverty,...

Building and people item

1536

In an early example of legislation on poverty, an Act directed town officials to employ the able-bodied poor, while collecting charity as relief for those incapable of working.
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.
10: 140-2

4 September 1939: The day after war was declared, the first...

Building and people item

4 September 1939

The day after war was declared, the first two hundred Citizens Advice Bureaux opened their doors, established by the National Council of Social Service so that those who needed financial advice could get practical support.
Minns, Raynes. Bombers and Mash: The Domestic Front 1939-45. Virago, 1980.
69
“About Us. CAB History”. Citizens Advice Bureau.

1-2 July 1784: Famine in the Shetland Islands was brought...

National or international item

1-2 July 1784

Famine in the Shetland Islands was brought to the attention of the House of Commons .
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
54 (1784): 700
Richards, Eric. Debating the Highland Clearances. Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
221

1804: The Church Missionary Society sent out its...

Building and people item

1804

The Church Missionary Society sent out its first two missionaries to Africa.
Church Missionary Society Archive: Section IV: Africa Missions. Adam Matthew.

1874: Reform of the army began in Russia....

National or international item

1874

Reform of the army began in Russia.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
330

3 December 1998: Ministry of Defence police arrested Tony...

Writer or writing item

3 December 1998

Ministry of Defence police arrested Tony Geraghty under the 1989 Official Secrets Act, as author of The Irish War, published that October, a book which covers three hundred years of history.
The Author. Alexander P. Watt.
(Winter 1999): 180

26 February 1851: William Macready made his famous farewell...

Building and people item

26 February 1851

William Macready made his famous farewell performance at the Drury Lane Theatre wearing the black suit of a gentleman in place of his costume as Macbeth.
Booth, Michael R. Theatre in the Victorian Age. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
22, 99

1947: Carla Lanyon Lanyon wrote and published a...

Women writers item

1947

Carla Lanyon Lanyon wrote and published a first-person narrative poem entitled Salt Harvest: The Autobiography of an Englishman.
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

1835: Following a genocidal campaign, most of what...

National or international item

1835

Following a genocidal campaign, most of what remained of the Native Tasmanian (or Pallawah) population, numbering around two or three hundred individuals, was transferred from Van Diemen's Land to the small neighbouring islands.
Clark, Charles Manning Hope. A History of Australia. Melbourne University Press, 1981.
III: 459

Helen Dunmore

HD first established herself as a poet, but became internationally known as a novelist when she won the Orange Prize in 1996. A prolific writer, she also had considerable success with books for children.

12 June 2003: The Scottish Episcopal Church became the...

Building and people item

12 June 2003

The Scottish Episcopal Church became the first Church in the Anglican communion to approve the consecration of women as bishops.
Davies, Matthew. “Scottish Episcopal Church votes to ordain women bishops, 12 June 2003”. WFN (Worldwide Faith News): Anglican Communion News Service.

31 August 1861: With the founding of the first Sunday Closing...

Building and people item

31 August 1861

With the founding of the first Sunday Closing Association in Hull, Yorkshire, temperance activists were united with religious reformers in an unprecedented way.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
86-7

11 April 1914: The Irish Women's Franchise League, in the...

National or international item

11 April 1914

The Irish Women's Franchise League , in the Irish Citizen, criticized the recently-formed Cumann na mBan for placing nationalism before women's suffrage.
McKillen, Beth. “Irish Feminism and Nationalist Separatism, 1914-23”. Éire-Ireland, Vol.
17
, No. 3, 4, 1982, pp. 52 - 67, 72.
58-9
Ward, Margaret. “’Suffrage First--Above All Else!’ An Account of the Irish Suffrage Movement”. Feminist Review, Vol.
10
, 1982, pp. 21-36.
33

Elizabeth Walker

EW 's writings, dating from the later seventeenth century, comprise diary entries, prayers, meditations, letters, memoirs of early life, writings about her husband, her children and herself, and religious advice designed for them.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

1 January 1920: The League of Nations officially came into...

National or international item

1 January 1920

The League of Nations officially came into being—without the United States, although the first suggestion for such a body had been made by President Woodrow Wilson .
Bozman, Ernest Franklin, editor. Everyman’s Encyclopaedia. 4th Edition, J. M. Dent, 1958, 12 vols.

1882: By this date, the Salvation Army was comprised...

Building and people item

1882

By this date, the Salvation Army was comprised of 15,000 volunteers, organized by nearly 750 paid officers at 521 stations.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
132
Turner, Ernest Sackville. “Hallelujah Lasses”. London Review of Books, 24 May 2001, pp. 38-9.
39