Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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By 4 July 1857: Henry Thomas Buckle published the first volume...

Writing climate item

By 4 July 1857

Henry Thomas Buckle published the first volume of his History of Civilization in England.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1549: 850-1

Fanny Aikin Kortright: By July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Aikin Kortright

By July 1857

FAK published the governess novel Anne Sherwood: or, The Social Institutions of England. She signed her dedication to Harriet Beecher Stowe with the pseudonym Berkeley-Aikin.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1550 (1857): 881
Kortright, Fanny Aikin. Anne Sherwood. Richard Bentley, 1857, 3 vols.
1: prelims

Anna Eliza Bray: After 16 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Eliza Bray

After 16 July 1857

Upon the death of her second husband , AEB moved from Tavistock in Devon to Brompton.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Bray, Anna Eliza. “Introduction”. Autobiography of Anna Eliza Bray, edited by John A. Kempe, Chapman and Hall, 1884, pp. 1-36.
16

18 July 1857: The Times reported that 40,000 tons of iron...

Building item

18 July 1857

The Times reported that 40,000 tons of iron had been imported for the construction of crinolines.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
93

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 19 July 1857

Women writers item

19 July 1857

The Saturday Review attacked Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon 's prose style in Women and Work.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
129

Camilla Crosland: By 25 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Camilla Crosland

By 25 July 1857

Camilla Crosland , as Mrs Newton Crosland, published an autobiographical work, Light in the Valley: My Experiences of Spiritualism.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1552 (1857): 941

Mary Seacole: By 25 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Seacole

By 25 July 1857

MS published her autobiographical travel narrative, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, including an account of her efforts in the Crimean War.
Andrews, William L., and Mary Seacole. “Introduction”. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, Oxford University Press, 1988, p. xxvii - xxxiv.
xxxii
Seacole, Mary, and William L. Andrews. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands. Oxford University Press, 1988.
195-6
Uglow, Jennifer S., and Frances Hinton, editors. Continuum Dictionary of Women’s Biography. 2nd ed., Continuum, 1989.
490
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

Mary Anne Duffus Hardy: By 25 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Anne Duffus Hardy

By 25 July 1857

MADH again used the pseudonym Addlestone Hill (A. H. on the title-page) for her second novel, The Artist's Family.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1552 (25 July 1857): 941

Mary Seacole: 28 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Seacole

28 July 1857

After MS had been discharged from her bankruptcy and had scored a success as an author, a Grand Military Festival was held to raise funds for her.
Seacole, Mary, and William L. Andrews. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands. Oxford University Press, 1988.
195-6
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Fryer, Peter. Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain. Pluto Press, 1984.
553n23

Mary Elizabeth Braddon: By 1 August 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Elizabeth Braddon

By 1 August 1857

At the Theatre Royal in Brighton, MEB began three years of acting for actor-manager Henry Nye Chart . There (while first pursuing publication) she played male parts that presage the gender-play of her novels.
Carnell, Jennifer. The Literary Lives of Mary Elizabeth Braddon: A Study of Her Life and Work. Sensation Press, 2000.
39, 42-3

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps: Later 1857

Writing climate item
Author event in Elizabeth Stuart Phelps

Later 1857

ESP began writing at an early age, publishing a semi-column in the children's journal Youth's Companion when she was thirteen.
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. Chapters From a Life. Houghton, Mifflin, 1897.
19

Anna Maria Hall: By 1 August 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Maria Hall

By 1 August 1857

AMH 's novel A Woman's Story appeared in three volumes, giving her name as Mrs. S. C. Hall.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1553 (1857): 971

Summer 1857: The last Keepsake appeared. The end of this...

Writing climate item

Summer 1857

The last Keepsake appeared. The end of this title marked something like the demise of the annual or Christmas gift book as a popular literary form.
Adburgham, Alison. Women in Print: Writing Women and Women’s Magazines from the Restoration to the Accession of Victoria. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1972.
261-2

Mary Ann Shadd Cary: 7 August 1857

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Ann Shadd Cary

7 August 1857

MASC gave birth to her first child, her daughter Sarah Elizabeth Cary .
Rhodes, Jane. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Indiana University Press, 1998.
127

John Wilson Croker: 10 August 1857

Writing climate item
Author event in John Wilson Croker

10 August 1857

JWC , famously outspoken reviewer, died.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

17 August 1857: The Industrial Schools Act was passed....

National or international item

17 August 1857

The Industrial Schools Act was passed.
Briggs, John et al. Crime and Punishment in England: An Introductory History. St Martin’s, 1996.
172
Tobias, John Jacob. Urban Crime in Victorian England. Shocken Books, 1972.
214
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

Frances Eleanor Trollope : 21 August 1857

Women writers item

21 August 1857

Frances Eleanor Ternan (later FET ), her sisters Maria and Ellen , and her mother Frances , performed with Dickens in Wilkie Collins 's The Frozen Deep, which opened at the New Free Trade Hall in Manchester.
Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. HarperCollins, 1990.
786-8, 790

Ella D'Arcy: 23 August 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Ella D'Arcy

23 August 1857

Constance Eleanor Mary Byrne D'Arcy (who later published as Ella D'Arcy ) was born in the Pimlico area of London, one of nine children of Irish parents.
Clarke, John Stock. Ella D’Arcy. 21 Mar. 2019.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Catharine Parr Traill: 25 August 1857

Writing climate item
Author event in Catharine Parr Traill

25 August 1857

The Oaklands at Rice Lake, CPT 's home, burned down; only some clothes, a few chairs, and her botanical notes were rescued.
New, William H., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 99. Gale Research, 1990.
333
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
258-9

25 August 1857: The Obscene Publications Act allowed for...

Building item

25 August 1857

The Obscene Publications Act allowed for the censorship of pornographic materials entering Britain.
Ledbetter, Rosanna. A History of the Malthusian League: 1877-1927. Ohio State University Press, 1976.
28
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
605
Weeks, Jeffrey. Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality since 1800. Longman, 1981.
84
Craig, Alec. The Banned Books of England and Other Countries. George Allen and Unwin, 1962.
41-2

Christian Isobel Johnstone: 26 August 1857

Women writers item

26 August 1857

CIJ died at her Edinburgh home, of bronchitis and heart disease; her husband followed her only about two months later.
Feminist Companion Archive.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

28 August 1857: The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act, also...

National or international item

28 August 1857

The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act, also known as the Divorce Act, made divorce more readily available, but on unequal grounds for women and men.
Hammerton, A. James. Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life. Routledge, 1992.
199
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
92
Weeks, Jeffrey. Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality since 1800. Longman, 1981.
20, 24
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
378
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
637
Donoghue, Emma. “Author’s Note”. The Sealed Letter, Picador, 2011, pp. 465-74.
473

Earlier 1857: The House of Commons debated what aggravations...

National or international item

Earlier 1857

The House of Commons debated what aggravations a husband could commit that, when coupled with adultery, would justify a wife in suing for divorce.
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
42-3

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: Autumn 1857

Women writers item

Autumn 1857

BLSB and her husband embarked on a year-long honeymoon trip to America.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
116

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: Late 1857 to 1858

Women writers item

Late 1857 to 1858

BLSB recorded her extended marriage trip to Canada and the United States, in the writing which became An American Diary, 1857-8.