Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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George Eliot: 26 May 1857

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

26 May 1857

GE informed her brother Isaac of the relationship between her and Lewes : she made no pretence they were actually married, but she called him her husband and signed Marian Lewes.
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
2: 331-2

Isabella Beeton: Late May 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

Late May 1857

IB bore her first son. Called Samuel Orchart after his father, he died on 25 August: either of croup, or cholera (as the death certificate says, though no other cholera cases were reported nearby), or...

Isa Blagden: Summer 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Blagden

Summer 1857

IB nursed Edward Robert Bulwer Lytton , diplomat, author, and son of Rosina Bulwer Lytton , through a serious bout of gastric fever.
Raymond, William O. “Our Lady of Bellosguardo: A Pastel Portrait”. University of Toronto Quarterly, Vol.
xii
, 1943, pp. 446-63.
450
Browning, Robert, and Isa Blagden. “Introduction”. Dearest Isa: Robert Browning’s Letters to Isabella Blagden, edited by Edward C. McAleer, Greenwood Press, 1970, p. xix - xxxiii.
xxviii

Isa Craig: Summer 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Isa Craig

Summer 1857

IC was appointed assistant secretary to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (which was actually launched in October).
Kamm, Josephine, and Mary Stocks. Rapiers and Battleaxes: The Women’s Movement And Its Aftermath. George Allen and Unwin, 1966.
102
McCrone, Kathleen E. “The National Association for the Promotion of Social Science and the Advancement of Victorian Women”. Atlantis, Vol.
8
, No. 1, 1982, pp. 44-66.
46
Goldman, Lawrence. Science, Reform, and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association 1857-1886. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
1

Elizabeth Siddal: June 1857

Building item
Author event in Elizabeth Siddal

June 1857

An exhibition of Pre-Raphaelite paintings at Russell Place, Fitzroy Street, featured works by ES .
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
70-1

June 1857: The Christian Lady's Magazine (not the journal...

Writing climate item

June 1857

The Christian Lady's Magazine (not the journal of this title formerly edited by Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna ) ceased publication.
Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800-1914. Routledge, 1996.
216
Palmegiano, Eugenia M. Women and British Periodicals, 1832-1867: A Bibliography. Garland, 1976.
3

1 June 1857: The first exhibition of the Society of Female...

Building item

1 June 1857

The first exhibition of the Society of Female Artists opened at 315 Oxford Street, London.
Nunn, Pamela Gerrish. Victorian Women Artists. Women’s Press, 1987.
73

4 June 1857: The Indian Mutiny reached Cawnpore; at midnight,...

National or international item

4 June 1857

The Indian Mutiny reached Cawnpore; at midnight, the siege began that was to last several weeks and leave only five British survivors.
Hilton, Richard. The Indian Mutiny: A Centenary History. Hollis and Carter, 1957.
87, 88, 82-102
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
277

Anna Brownell Jameson: 5 June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

5 June 1857

By this date ABJ was travelling in Italy with Bessie Parkes .
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
7

Charles Dickens: By 6 June 1857

Writing climate item
Author event in Charles Dickens

By 6 June 1857

CD published in volume form Little Dorrit, another novel that first appeared in monthly parts.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Julia Kavanagh: 9 June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Julia Kavanagh

9 June 1857

JK wrote to the Athenæum to protest about the publication of a novel entitled The Hobbies, written by her father but allegedly edited by herself.
Fauset, Eileen. The Politics of Writing: Julia Kavanagh, 1824-77. Manchester University Press, 2009.
27-9
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1551 (1857): 909
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.

Charlotte Brontë: By 13 June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

By 13 June 1857

CB 's first-written novel, The Professor, was published posthumously.
Gordon, Lyndall. Charlotte Brontë: A Passionate Life. Chatto and Windus, 1994.
331
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1546 (13 June 1857): 755-7

By 20 June 1857: W. W. Carus Wilson published A Refutation...

Writing climate item

By 20 June 1857

W. W. Carus Wilson published A Refutation of the Statements in The Life of Charlotte Brontë, Regarding the Caterton Clergy Daughters' School when at Cowan Bridge.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
(20 June 1857): 789

Harriet Tytler: 21 June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Tytler

21 June 1857

HT gave birth to her fifth child, a son, in a bullock-cart in Delhi during the Indian Mutiny.
Mason, Philip, and Harriet Tytler. “Introduction”. An Englishwoman in India, edited by Anthony Sattin and Anthony Sattin, Oxford University Press, 1986, p. ix - xvii.
ix
Tytler, Harriet, and Philip Mason. An Englishwoman in India. Editor Sattin, Anthony, Oxford University Press, 1986.
143, 147, 110

Isabella Kelly: 25 June 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Kelly

25 June 1857

IK died in London following an accident.
In view of her dealings with the Royal Literary Fund, the old DNB was probably wrong to think her old age was prosperous, though she did have a...

25 June 1857: Charles Baudelaire published Les Fleurs du...

Writing climate item

25 June 1857

Charles Baudelaire published Les Fleurs du mal, dedicating it to Théophile Gautier .
Culler, Jonathan, and Charles Baudelaire. “Introduction”. The Flowers of Evil, translated by. James McGowan and James McGowan, Oxford University Press, 1993.
lii-xlv
Borne Back Daily. 2001, http://borneback.com/ .
25 June 2008

30 June 1857: The Indian city of Lucknow was besieged by...

National or international item

30 June 1857

The Indian city of Lucknow was besieged by rebel forces; order was not fully restored until the following March.
Hilton, Richard. The Indian Mutiny: A Centenary History. Hollis and Carter, 1957.
129-39

Isabella Beeton: By July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

By July 1857

Shortly after beginning to write columns on the subject, IB began planning a cookery book and requested recipes from friends and readers of the Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine.
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
137, 145

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 1 July 1857

Women writers item

1 July 1857

A marriage settlement between Eugène Bodichon and Barbara Leigh Smith was filed in St Marylebone, Westminster.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
115

George Eliot: 1 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

1 July 1857

GE 's Janet's Repentance, about an abused and alcoholic wife, began appearing in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine; it ran until November.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
164, 186

Elizabeth Siddal: Summer 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Siddal

Summer 1857

ES went from London to Sheffield, where she attended classes for ladies at Sheffield Art School as an advanced pupil.
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
71

Ellen Johnston: July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Ellen Johnston

July 1857

EJ 's poor health led her to leave Glasgow and move to Belfast for a change of air;
Johnston, Ellen. Autobiography, Poems, and Songs. William Love, 1867.
13
she became known there as a poet.

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 2 July 1857

Women writers item

2 July 1857

Barbara Leigh Smith married Eugène Bodichon at the Unitarian Chapel, Little Portland Street, London.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
112

Catherine Gore : By early July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Gore

By early July 1857

CG published with Hurst and Blackett (successors to Colburn ) her penultimate novel, The Two Aristocracies.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
Gore, Catherine. The Two Aristocracies. Hurst and Blackett, 1857, 3 vols.
title-page

Jessie White Mario: 4 July 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Jessie White Mario

4 July 1857

Back in Italy, Jessie White (soon to be JWM ) was arrested and later jailed in Sant'Andrea prison, Genoa, on espionage charges rising from her involvement in Mazzini's failed uprising known as the Pisacane expedition.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Daniels, Elizabeth Adams. Jessie White Mario: Risorgimento Revolutionary. Ohio University Press, 1972.
58-9, 61