Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1857: George Morant voiced concern over the movement...

Building item

1857

George Morant voiced concern over the movement towards male obstetrics in his pamphlet Hints to Husbands: A Revelation of the Man-Midwife's Mysteries.
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
118

1857: William Acton's Prostitution advocated of...

Building item

1857

William Acton 's Prostitution advocated of the control of prostitution through state regulation.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
109

1857: By this date, an estimated 250 tons of human...

Building item

1857

By this date, an estimated 250 tons of human excrement were flowing into the Thames River on a daily basis.
Smith, Francis Barrymore. The People’s Health, 1830-1910. Croom Helm, 1979.
219
Wohl, Anthony S. Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. Harvard University Press, 1983.
107, 234

1857: Philip Gosse published Omphalos, a Creationist...

Building item

1857

Philip Gosse published Omphalos, a Creationist approach to evolution which attempted to explain the existence of Adam's navel.
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-View in the Nineteenth Century. Basil Blackwell, 1986.
103-4
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

1857: The Department of Practical Art constructed...

Building item

1857

The Department of Practical Art constructed a facility on eighty-seven acres of land in South Kensington.
Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, editor. English Art, 1800-1870. Clarendon, 1959.
10: 270
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

1857: Dean Howson advocated the establishment of...

Building item

1857

Dean Howson advocated the establishment of an Order of Deaconesses within the Anglican Church ; such an Order was recognized by the Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops only in 1897.
Stott, Mary. “Ordination of Women: Flickering flame passed to new generation”. Times, 24 Sept. 1981, p. 12.
12

1857: The Evangelical London Female Preventive...

Building item

1857

The Evangelical London Female Preventive and Reformation Institute was founded.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
108

1857: The Army Sanitary Commission reported the...

National or international item

1857

The British ArmyArmy Sanitary Commission reported the mortality rate among enlisted men to be twice the rate among civilians.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
109

1857-1863: The number of prostitutes under sixteen years...

Building item

1857-1863

The number of prostitutes under sixteen years of age in lock hospitals decreased to 2.3% of patients.
Walkowitz, Judith R. Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State. Cambridge University Press, 1980.
17

1857: The ecumenical Association for the Promotion...

National or international item

1857

The ecumenical Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom was founded by two English Roman Catholics, a Scottish Episcopal, and an Anglican.
Norman, Edward R. The English Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. Clarendon, 1984.
214-15

1857: Peter Andreas Hansen's Tables de la lune...

National or international item

1857

Peter Andreas Hansen 's Tables de la lune (Lunar Tables) was printed by the British government and subsequently used in nautical almanacs.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
328
Taton, René, editor. Science in the Nineteenth Century. Translator Pomerans, Arnold J., Vol. 3, Basic Books, 1965.
138

1857-1878: Thomas Spencer Wells reduced the mortality...

Building item

1857-1878

Thomas Spencer Wells reduced the mortality rate for ovariotomies from approximately 50% to 11%.
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
152

1857: The Anglican Community of the Holy Cross...

Building item

1857

The Anglican Community of the Holy Cross in Haywards Heath was founded by Miss Elizabeth Neale . She was the sister of John Mason Neale , founder of the Society of the Sisters of St Margaret

1857: Robert Forester Mushet made the first steel...

Building item

1857

Robert Forester Mushet made the first steel rails for railway tracks.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
105

1857: The Hoe rotary press was adopted in England...

Writing climate item

1857

The Hoe rotary press was adopted in England by Lloyd's Weekly News and The Times.
Yarwood, Doreen. Five Hundred Years of Technology in the Home. B. T. Batsford, 1983.
154
Singer, Charles et al., editors. A History of Technology. Clarendon, 1958, 8 vols.
5: 698

1857: A new walking dress, looped up when worn...

Building item

1857

A new walking dress, looped up when worn over a crinoline, improved freedom of movement and revealed petticoats.
Cunnington, C. Willett et al. The History of Underclothes. Revised, Faber and Faber, 1981.
100

1857 or 1858: Louisa Twining initiated the Workhouse Visiting...

Building item

1857 or 1858

Louisa Twining initiated the Workhouse Visiting Society some years after a visit to the Strand Workhouse left her shocked at the loneliness and isolation that the inmates faced.
White, Rosemary. Social Change and the Development of the Nursing Profession: A Study of the Poor Law Nursing Service, 1848-1948. H. Kimpton, 1978.
20-1
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
108
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
175

1857: A skeleton of the first known remains of...

Building item

1857

A skeleton of the first known remains of the people subsequently named Neanderthals (an ice age subspecies of Homo sapiens) was found in the Neander Valley, near Düsseldorf.
Van Riper, A. Bowdoin. Men Among the Mammoths: Victorian Science and the Discovery of Human Prehistory. University of Chicago Press, 1993.
132

1857: Ellen Ranyard's employment of Bible-Women...

Building item

1857

Ellen Ranyard 's employment of Bible-Women in charitable work was the first instance of paid social work.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
126

1857: A new Friendly Societies Act offered legal...

National or international item

1857

A new Friendly Societies Act offered legal protection of funds for investors, thus increasing the desirability and stability of friendly societies.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
177

Eliza Meteyard: By 10 January 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Meteyard

By 10 January 1857

EM published Lilian's Golden Hours.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1524 (1857): 49

Mary Catherine Hume: Early 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Catherine Hume

Early 1857

MCH 's The Wedding Guests; or, The Happiness of Life, A Novel investigated the workings of the marriage market.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Anna Brownell Jameson: Early 1857

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

Early 1857

Wide-ranging reviews of ABJ 's The Communion of Labour in both the Westminster and the North British Review expressed positive and general support for female economic independence.
Mitchell, Sally. Frances Power Cobbe: Victorian Feminist, Journalist, Reformer. University of Virginia Press, 2004.
82

George Eliot: 4 February 1857

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

4 February 1857

GE adopted in writing to her publisher, John Blackwood , her now famous pseudonym: before this Blackwood had written to her as author of, or even as Dear Amos.
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Editor Haight, Gordon S., Yale University Press, 1954–1978, 9 vols.
2: 290-2

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: 7 February 1857

Women writers item

7 February 1857

Barbara Leigh Smith (later BLSB ) published her essay Women and Work in the Waverley Journal; it appeared as a pamphlet in April.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
125-6