Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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George Henry Lewes: 1 November 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in George Henry Lewes

1 November 1855

GHL published the first complete biography of Goethe in any language: The Life and Works of Goethe. George Eliot assisted in the research.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1463 (1844): 1302-4
Ashton, Rosemary. G. H. Lewes: A Life. Clarendon Press, 1991.
160-2

Margaret Oliphant: November 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

November 1855

MO 's third child and first son, born prematurely, died at only one day old.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
24

3 November 1855: An advertisement marked the launch of the...

Writing climate item

3 November 1855

An advertisement marked the launch of the conservative (high Tory and Anglo-Catholic ), weekly Saturday Review; it focused on Politics, Literature, Science, and Art.
Broomfield, Andrea. “Much More Than an Antifeminist: Eliza Lynn Linton’s Contribution to the Rise of Victorian Popular Journalism”. Victorian Literature and Culture, Vol.
29
, No. 2, 2001, pp. 267-83.
274
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.
553-4
Mitchell, Sally. Frances Power Cobbe: Victorian Feminist, Journalist, Reformer. University of Virginia Press, 2004.
153

Frances Sarah Hoey: 6 November 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Sarah Hoey

6 November 1855

Adam Murray Stewart , first husband of the future FSH , died after less than ten years of marriage.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Frances Sarah Hoey: Late 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Sarah Hoey

Late 1855

The recently-widowed Frances Sarah Stewart (later FSH ) moved from Dublin to London.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Frances Isabella Duberly : Early November 1855

Women writers item

Early November 1855

FID embarked in the Jason from the war encampment at Sebastopol, Crimea, to sail a week later with the regiment for winter quarters at Ismid (now Izmit) in Asian Turkey, at the head of...

10 November 1855: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow published The...

Writing climate item

10 November 1855

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow published The Song of Hiawatha.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Chamberlain, Jacob Chester, and Luther S. Livingston. A Bibliography of the First Editions in Book Form of the Writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Privately printed by De Vinne Press, 1908.
57-8

Robert Browning: 17 November 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Robert Browning

17 November 1855

RB published his poetry collection Men and Women.
Irvine, William, and Park Honan. The Book, the Ring, and the Poet: A Biography of Robert Browning. McGraw-Hill, 1974.
335
Browning, Robert. “Editorial Materials”. Robert Browning’s Poetry: Authoritative Texts, Criticism, edited by James F. Loucks, W. W. Norton, 1979, p. various pages.
xii

Lydia Maria Child: By late November 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Lydia Maria Child

By late November 1855

LMC 's The Progress of Religious Ideas through Successive Ages was published.
Osborne, William S. Lydia Maria Child. Twayne, 1980.
132

Charlotte Yonge: By 24 November 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Yonge

By 24 November 1855

CY published The Lances of Lynwood; again she identified herself only obliquely, through reference to earlier works.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1465 (1855): 1366

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: December 1855

Building item

December 1855

BLSB held a meeting in her father's drawing-room in Blandford Square to discuss the Woman Question; this meeting inaugurated organized feminism in Victorian Britain.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
78, 55

Caroline Chisholm: December 1855

Building item
Author event in Caroline Chisholm

December 1855

CC and the Government of Victoria opened ten shelter sheds or Chisholm's Shakedowns on the route leading to Castlemaine—designed by Chisholm to help immigrant families travelling to the gold fields.
Kiddle, Margaret, and Sir Douglas Copland. Caroline Chisholm. 2nd ed., Melbourne University Press, 1957.
214-15

Frances Isabella Duberly : December 1855

Women writers item

December 1855

FID 's Journal Kept during the Russian War, a record of military manoeuvres and engagements in the Crimea, appeared in time for the Christmas market while the war was still going on.
Duberly, Frances Isabella. “Editor’s Introduction”. Mrs Duberly’s War. Journals and Letters from the Crimea, 1854-6, edited by Christine Kelly, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. xi - xlviii.
xxviii
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Bessie Rayner Parkes : December 1855

Building item
Author event in Bessie Rayner Parkes

December 1855

BRP was a prominent member of the committee (founded this month by Barbara Leigh Smith ) which drew up a petition for a Married Woman's Property Bill.
Strachey, Ray. The Cause: A Short History of the Women’s Movement in Great Britain. Virago, 1978.
89

Geraldine Jewsbury: By 1 December 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Geraldine Jewsbury

By 1 December 1855

GJ published her second children's book, Angelo; or, The Pine Forest in the Alps, with illustrations, bearing a date of 1856.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1466 (1855): 1399
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

Catherine Marsh : Early December 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Marsh

Early December 1855

Writing as the Author of The Victory Won, CM commemorated a friend who had died piously in the Crimean War in Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars , Ninety-Seventh Regiment, in a first edition...

December 1855: The London General Omnibus Company was e...

Building item

December 1855

The London General Omnibus Company was established.
Day, John R. The Story of the London Bus: London and Its Buses from the Horse Bus to the Present Day. London Transport Executive, 1973.
15

December 1855: The last regular issue of Tait's Edinburgh...

Writing climate item

December 1855

The last regular issue of Tait's Edinburgh Magazine was published.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
4: 482-3, 586

By December 1855: George Meredith published his first work...

Writing climate item

By December 1855

George Meredith published his first work of fiction, The Shaving of Shagpat: An Arabian Entertainment.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1471 (1856): 6-7
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
Ellis, Stewart Marsh. George Meredith: His Life and Friends in Relation to His Work. Grant Richards, 1920.
79

December 1855: Barbara Leigh Smith, later Bodichon, founded...

National or international item

December 1855

Barbara Leigh Smith , later Bodichon, founded the Married Women's Property Committee (sometimes called the Women's Committee) to draw up a petition for a married women's property bill.
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
78-9
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England. Princeton University Press, 1989.
32-3
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
245-8

Margaret Oliphant: By 8 December 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

By 8 December 1855

MO published a sequel to her first novel: Lilliesleaf: Being a Concluding Series of Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland, of Sunnyside, Written by Herself.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.
Greenfield, John R., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 159. Gale Research, 1996.
159: 250
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1467 (8 December 1855): 1432

Mary Fortune: 14 December 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Mary Fortune

14 December 1855

The first known publication by MF , a poem titled Song of the Gold Diggers, appeared in the Mount Alexander Mail under the initials M. H. F.
Sussex, Lucy, and Elizabeth Gibson. Mary Helena Fortune ("Waif Wander" / "W.W."), c. 1833-1910: A Bibliography. Department of English, University of Queensland, 1998.
43

Catherine Hubback: By 22 December 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Catherine Hubback

By 22 December 1855

CH published a novel entitled Malvern; or, The Three Marriages.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1469 (22 December 1855)
University of Alberta Libraries On-line Catalogue. http://www.library.ualberta.ca/.

By 22 December 1855: Thomas Babington Macaulay published volumes...

Writing climate item

By 22 December 1855

Thomas Babington Macaulay published volumes III and IV of The History of England from the Accession of James the Second.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
(22 Dec. 1855): 1489-94

Annie Keary: By 29 December 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Annie Keary

By 29 December 1855

AK published, anonymously, her first book, the children's story Mia and Charlie; or, A Week's Holiday at Rydale Rectory, of two children visiting a rich but unwelcoming country house (based on the rectory at...