Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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13 February 1843: Oliver Wendell Holmes first suggested, in...

Building item

13 February 1843

Oliver Wendell Holmes first suggested, in a paper delivered to the Boston Society for Medical Improvement , that childbed (puerperal) fever was carried on doctors' hands.
Rosebury, Theodor. Microbes and Morals: The Strange Story of Venereal Disease. Viking Press, 1971.
11
Trager, James. The Women’s Chronology: A Year-by-Year Record, from Prehistory to the Present. Henry Holt, 1994.
245
Talbott, John H. A Biographical History of Medicine: Excerpts and Essays on the Men and Their Work. Grune and Stratton, 1970.
654
Dolan, Josephine A. History of Nursing. 12th ed., Saunders, 1968.
190

Mary Hays: 20 February 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Hays

20 February 1843

MH died at Lower Clapton; Henry Crabb Robinson heard the news on the same day.
Editor Marilyn Brooks gives her death-date as 22 February.
Hays, Mary. “Chronology and Introduction”. The Correspondence (1779-1843) of Mary Hays, British Novelist, edited by Marilyn Brooks, Edwin Mellen, 2004, pp. xv - xx; 1.
xviii
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
Kelly, Gary. Women, Writing, and Revolution 1790-1827. Clarendon, 1993.
264
Hays, Mary. “Chronology and Introduction”. The Correspondence (1779-1843) of Mary Hays, British Novelist, edited by Marilyn Brooks, Edwin Mellen, 2004, pp. xv - xx; 1.
xviii

Violet Fane: 24 February 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Violet Fane

24 February 1843

Mary Montgomerie Lamb (who later wrote poetry as VF ) was born at Littlehampton in Sussex, the eldest of four children.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Sarah Stickney Ellis: March 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Stickney Ellis

March 1843

SSE dated the preface to The Wives of England: Their Relative Duties, Domestic Influence, and Social Obligations, a third instalment in her series of popular domestic manuals.
Ellis, Sarah Stickney. The Wives of England. Fisher, 1843.
prelims

Sarah Stickney Ellis: Later 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Stickney Ellis

Later 1843

SSE published a fourth popular advice book, The Mothers of England: Their Influence and Responsibility, as by The Author of the Women of England.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

March 1843: The Society of British Authors was forme...

Writing climate item

March 1843

The Society of British Authors was formed.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. “The Institutionalisation of the British Book Trade of the 1890s”. Development of English Book Trade: 1700-1899, edited by Robin Myers and Michael Harris, Oxford Polytechnic Press, 1981.
101

1 March 1843: The trial of fifty-nine Chartists, including...

National or international item

1 March 1843

The trial of fifty-nine Chartists, including Feargus O'Connor , began at Lancaster.
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
32

After March 1843: Following a controversial trial, judges for...

National or international item

After March 1843

Following a controversial trial, judges for the House of Lords formalized the M'Naghten Rules, aimed at regularizing legal procedure for prosecuting defendants showing no criminal intent by virtue of defect of reason.
Smith, Roger. “The Boundary Between Insanity and Criminal Responsibility in Nineteenth-Century England”. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era, edited by Andrew Scull, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981, pp. 363-84.
366-7
Walker, Nigel. Crime and Insanity in England. Edinburgh University Press, 1968.
96

March 1843: John Elliotson founded The Zoist: A Journal...

Building item

March 1843

John Elliotson founded The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology and Mesmerism, and their Applications to Human Welfare; it ran for thirteen years and marked the height of the mesmerism boom in Britain.
Porter, Katherine H. Through a Glass Darkly: Spiritualism in the Browning Circle. Octagon, 1972.
35
Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
206-7
Porter, Katherine H. Through a Glass Darkly: Spiritualism in the Browning Circle. Octagon, 1972.
25

3 March 1843: The trial opened of Daniel M'Naghten for...

Building item

3 March 1843

The trial opened of Daniel M'Naghten for the murder of Sir Robert Peel 's private secretary; his counsel pleaded insanity and consequent lack of self-control.
Walker, Nigel. Crime and Insanity in England. Edinburgh University Press, 1968.
92, 94-5

Early 1843 to 1907: In the seventy-three years following the...

National or international item

Early 1843 to 1907

In the seventy-three years following the establishment of the M'Naghten Rules, the number of accused murderers acquitted by the insanity plea, or found unfit to plead, rose from 10% of all cases to 31%.
Walker, Nigel. Crime and Insanity in England. Edinburgh University Press, 1968.
86

Frances Notley: 8 March 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Notley

8 March 1843

Frances Eliza Millett Thomas married George Notley , of Combe Sydenham near Taunton, Somerset, at Old St Pancras Church in London.
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Kirk, John Foster, and S. Austin Allibone, editors. A Supplement to Allibone’s Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors. J. B. Lippincott, 1891, 2 vols.

Charlotte Guest: 9 March 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Guest

9 March 1843

CG recorded that she had completed all that is in my power to do towards the Mabinogion. Translating the romances and composing notes (all but the topographical ones) were finished, and only the introduction...

Anna Brownell Jameson: 18 March 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

18 March 1843

ABJ reviewed in the Athenæum the Report of the Children's Employment Commission .
Jameson, Anna Brownell. “The Milliners”. Criminals, Idiots, Women, and Minors: Nineteenth-Century Writing by Women on Women, edited by Susan Hamilton, Broadview, 1995, pp. 21-6.
21
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Robert Southey: 21 March 1843

Writing climate item
Author event in Robert Southey

21 March 1843

RS , Poet Laureate, died at Greta Hall, Keswick, Cumberland, after a long decline; he had married Caroline Bowles (a long-time correspondent) four years earlier.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Caroline Norton: Late March 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Norton

Late March 1843

Between the death of Southey , the Poet Laureate, and the appointment of Wordsworth as his successor, CN wrote to the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel , to request the position for herself.
Chedzoy, Alan. A Scandalous Woman: The Story of Caroline Norton. Allison and Busby, 1995.
220

Caroline Bowles: April 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Bowles

April 1843

The month after the death of her husband , CB moved back to her family cottage at Lymington in Hampshire.
Blain, Virginia. Caroline Bowles Southey, 1786-1854. Ashgate, 1998.
xix, 212

Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna: April 1843

Women writers item

April 1843

CET anonymously published The Perils of the Nation, An Appeal to the Legislature, the Clergy, and the Higher and Middle Classes.
Khorana, Meena, and Judith Gero John, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 163. Gale Research, 1996.
309

Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne: April 1843

Women writers item

April 1843

Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne , returned to Gask in Perthshire, where she died two years later.
Drummond, Peter Robert. Perthshire in Bygone Days: One Hundred Biographical Essays. W. B. Whittingham, 1879.
329-30

Spring 1843: The Glasgow Abstinence Society organized...

Building item

Spring 1843

The Glasgow Abstinence Society organized the first People's Concert in Britain; these soon became a vehicle for attempts to reform and educate the working classes.
Russell, Dave. Popular Music in England, 1840-1914: A Social History. Manchester University Press, 1987.
26-7

1 April 1843: Thomas Babington Macaulay published Critical...

Writing climate item

1 April 1843

Thomas Babington Macaulay published Critical and Historical Essays.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
32
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
805 (1 April 1843): 302-3

5 April 1843: John Ruskin, as a Graduate of Oxford, published...

Writing climate item

5 April 1843

John Ruskin , as a Graduate of Oxford, published the first volume of Modern Painters.
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From Earliest Times to 1985. Oxford University Press, 1995, 3 vols.
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

William Wordsworth: Early April 1843

Writing climate item
Author event in William Wordsworth

Early April 1843

WW was appointed Poet Laureate a couple of weeks after the death of Robert Southey (he had initially declined the position on the grounds that he would find it hard to write to order).
Moorman, Mary. William Wordsworth: A Biography. Clarendon Press, 1957–1965, 2 vols.
2: 558-9, 559n4

Henry James: 15 April 1843

Writing climate item
Author event in Henry James

15 April 1843

Novelist HJ was born at 21 Washington Place in New York City.
Gale, Robert L. A Henry James Encyclopedia. Greenwood, 1989.
xix

Queen Victoria: 23 April 1843

Women writers item
Author event in Queen Victoria

23 April 1843

Princess Alice Mary Maud , QV 's third child, was born.
Munich, Adrienne. Queen Victoria’s Secrets. Columbia University Press, 1996.
xiv