Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore: 22 May 1784

Women writers item

22 May 1784

Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore , and her second husband set out for Paris with her daughter Anna (Lady Anna Bowes-Lyon), who had been summoned from boarding-school as if for the briefest family visit.
Parker, Derek. The Trampled Wife. Sutton, 2006.
76-8

26-29 May 1784: The first Handel Commemmoration Concert marked...

Building item

26-29 May 1784

The first Handel Commemmoration Concert marked the centenary of his birth: three immensely popular charity performances were given at Westminster Abbey and the Pantheon .
Brewer, John. The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Farrar Straus Giroux, 1997.
403-4
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
54 (1784): 391-3

Hannah Cowley: June 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cowley

June 1784

Richard Cosway 's painting of HCprotected by the Comic Muse was exhibited at the Royal Academy ; it was also engraved for reproduction in the Ladies Magazine.
Escott, Angela. The Celebrated Hannah Cowley. Pickering and Chatto, 2012.
3 and n13, 5

Charlotte Smith: Early June 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Smith

Early June 1784

CS 's first book, Elegiac Sonnets, and Other Essays, was finally published.
Fletcher, Loraine. Charlotte Smith: A Critical Biography. Macmillan, 1998.
65

Elizabeth Gilding: June, October, December 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gilding

June, October, December 1784

Elizabeth Turner (formerly EG ) published in the Westminster Magazine prose Letters on Religious Education. To Elvira, in which she imagines her writing being scoffed at by young people.
Pitcher, Edward W. Woman’s Wit. Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.
313

Delarivier Manley: By June 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Delarivier Manley

By June 1784

The publisher Kearsley issued an anonymous secret history or scandal fiction entitled The Modern Atalantis set in the island of Libertusia; DM , the obvious model, was not mentioned in the Critical Review's notice.
Critical Review. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 5 series.
57 (1784): 480

Hannah More: Early summer 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah More

Early summer 1784

HM built the cottage of Cowslip Green at Wrington in Somerset, intending it as a summer residence, not suitable for cold weather.
Jones, Mary Gwladys. Hannah More. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
125

Abigail Adams: 20 June 1784 to 20 April 1788

Writing climate item
Author event in Abigail Adams

20 June 1784 to 20 April 1788

AA went abroad with her husband , and lived in France and England because of his diplomatic postings.
Akers, Charles W. Abigail Adams: An American Woman. Little, Brown, 1980.
79-108

Elizabeth Gilding: 25 June 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gilding

25 June 1784

Elizabeth Turner (formerly EG ) composed a poem entitled To Miss Helen Maria Williams , on Her Poem of Peru: it appeared the following month in the Gentleman's Magazine, only a few months after Peru was published.
Pitcher, Edward W. Signatures and Pseudonyms of the Eighteenth-Century British Magazines: An Annotated Index in Three Volumes. 2004.

Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire: July 1784

Women writers item

July 1784

Lady Elizabeth Foster (later Duchess of Devonshire) returned from Italy, having been abroad a year and a half.
Foreman, Amanda. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. HarperCollins, 1998.
164

Phillis Wheatley: July 1784

Writing climate item
Author event in Phillis Wheatley

July 1784

The MethodistArminian Magazine carried the poem which was until recently regarded as PW 's last, An Elegy on Leaving —. It seem, though, that this was not by Wheatley but by Mary Whateley Darwall .
Wigginton, Caroline. “Digitally Mapping the Transatlantic Lives and Texts of Black Women Authors of the Long Eighteenth Century”. 42nd ASECS Annual Meeting, 19 Mar. 2011.

July 1784: Pitt's India Act appointed six Commissioners...

National or international item

July 1784

Pitt 's India Act appointed six Commissioners (known as the Board of Control) to order concerns related to civil or military government and to revenues of British territorial possessions in India and the East Indies.
Misra, Bankey Bihari. The Central Administration of the East India Company, 1773-1834. Manchester University Press, 1959.
28-30

1-2 July 1784: Famine in the Shetland Islands was brought...

National or international item

1-2 July 1784

Famine in the Shetland Islands was brought to the attention of the House of Commons .
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
54 (1784): 700
Richards, Eric. Debating the Highland Clearances. Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
221

July 1784: The Universal Magazine carried a posthumous...

Building item

July 1784

The Universal Magazine carried a posthumous essay by Dr William Hunter (who had died in March 1783) entitled On the Uncertainty of the Signs of Murder in Bastard Children.
Elliott, Nathan. “"Unball’d Sockets" and ‘The Mockery of Speech’: Diagnostic Anxiety and the Theater of Joanna Baillie”. European Romantic Review, Vol.
18
, No. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 83-103.
90-1, 103

Hester Lynch Piozzi: 4 July 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

4 July 1784

Hester Thrale composed what is today her best-known letter: a measured, dignified rebuke to Johnson in reply to his epistolary bellow of pain and rage at the news of her impending second marriage.
Johnson, Samuel, and Hester Lynch Piozzi. The Letters of Samuel Johnson. Editor Chapman, Robert William, Clarendon Press, 1984, 3 vols.
3: 175

Elizabeth Inchbald: 6 July 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Inchbald

6 July 1784

EI 's The Mogul Tale; or, The Descent of the Balloon (her first play to reach the stage) was produced at the Haymarket under the pseudonym Mrs Woodley.
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.
5: 717
Manvell, Roger. Elizabeth Inchbald: England’s Principal Woman Dramatist and Independent Woman of Letters in 18th Century London. University Press of America, 1987.
31

11 July 1784: Sarah Farley's Bristol Journal reported how...

Building item

11 July 1784

Sarah Farley 's Bristol Journal reported how a lawyer had advised a lower-class man whose wife had left him that he should publicly sell her to her lover.
Gillis, John R. For Better, For Worse: British Marriages, 1600 to the Present. Oxford University Press, 1985.
213-14 and n129

Hester Lynch Piozzi: 23 July 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Hester Lynch Piozzi

23 July 1784

The widowed Hester Thrale married the Roman Catholic Italian musician Gabriel Piozzi , in London.
Clifford, James L. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale). Clarendon Press, 1987.
229

Ann Yearsley: 1 August 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Ann Yearsley

1 August 1784

AY 's surviving younger children were all baptised together (the two eldest had been baptised soon after their births).
Waldron, Mary. Lactilla, Milkwoman of Clifton: The Life and Writings of Ann Yearsley, 1753-1806. University of Georgia Press, 1996.
18, 20

Mary Robinson: August 1784-January 1788

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Robinson

August 1784-January 1788

MR spent at least much of these years abroad: avoiding her own creditors and those of her lover Tarleton , and seeking health at spas like Aix-la-Chapelle in Germany.
Robinson, Mary. “Introduction”. Perdita: The Memoirs of Mary Robinson, edited by Moses Joseph Levy, Peter Owen, 1994.
xii

By August 1784: James Ramsay published An Essay on the Treatment...

Building item

By August 1784

James Ramsay published An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of the African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
54 (1784): 597
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

2 August 1784: The first mail coach departed from Bristol...

Building item

2 August 1784

The first mail coach departed from Bristol on its first journey.
Ellis, Kenneth. The Post Office in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in Administrative History. Oxford University Press, 1958.
102

Henrietta Battier: 25-28 August 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Henrietta Battier

25-28 August 1784

HB acted at Drury Lane Theatre in the role of Lady Rachel Russell in Thomas Stratford 's tragedy on the death of Lord Russell .
The London Stage 1660-1800. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968, 5 vols.

Hannah More: 27 August 1784

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah More

27 August 1784

HM wrote her first surviving letter about Ann Yearsley to Elizabeth Montagu , recounting in high terms the former's intense gratitude to the latter.
Waldron, Mary. Lactilla, Milkwoman of Clifton: The Life and Writings of Ann Yearsley, 1753-1806. University of Georgia Press, 1996.
49

27 August 1784: Following the first balloon ascents of the...

Building item

27 August 1784

Following the first balloon ascents of the Montgolfierbrothers and Vincenzo Lunardi in November 1783, James Tytler made the first balloon ascent in Britain: he reached a height of 350 feet at Comely Gardens, Edinburgh...