Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Mary Taylor: 20 May 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Taylor

20 May 1859

After fourteen years living in Wellington, MT set sail aboard the Seagull for England.
Taylor, Mary. Mary Taylor, Friend of Charlotte Brontë: Letters from New Zealand and Elsewhere. Editor Stevens, Joan, Auckland University Press; Oxford University Press, 1972.
71, 137

Fanny Aikin Kortright: By 21 May 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Fanny Aikin Kortright

By 21 May 1859

FAK published The Dean; or, The Popular Preacher, A Tale, under the pseudonym Berkeley Aikin.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1647 (1859): 675

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: 22 May 1859

Writing climate item
Author event in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

22 May 1859

SACD was born at 11 Picardy Place in Edinburgh; he was the third in a large family, and the eldest boy.
Sources differ about the number of children. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography...

Harriet Martineau: By 28 May 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Harriet Martineau

By 28 May 1859

HM 's England and Her Soldiers took up Florence Nightingale 's cause of sanitary reform in the army.
Chapman, Maria Weston, and Harriet Martineau. “Memorials of Harriet Martineau”. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography, James R. Osgood, 1877, pp. 2: 131 - 596.
453
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Ella Baker: 29 May 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Ella Baker

29 May 1859

EB was born in Kensington, one of at least three children.
Baker, Ella. “Memorial Preface”. Kingscote Essays and Poems, edited by Thomas, barrister Baker, Kegan Paul, Trench, 1888, p. v - vii.
v
“FamilySearch Internet Genealogy Service”. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

George Eliot: 30 May 1859

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

30 May 1859

The editor of the Times learned GE 's identity; next month the secret was out, and by the end of the year she effectively abandoned her incognito as far as friends and literary acquaintances were...

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: June 1859

Women writers item

June 1859

BLSB exhibited her paintings at the French Gallery in London.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
223
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
96

Georgiana Chatterton : 1 June 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Georgiana Chatterton

1 June 1859

GC married her second husband, Edward Heneage Dering , writer and former army officer.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Elizabeth Rigby: June-July 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Rigby

June-July 1859

ER (Lady Eastlake) left London and travelled to the Baltic Provinces (now in Estonia, then in Russia) to visit her sister there, who was ailing.
Lochhead, Marion C. Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake. John Murray, 1961.
108
Rigby, Elizabeth. “Preface and Memoirs”. Journals and Correspondence of Lady Eastlake, edited by Charles Eastlake Smith, J. Murray, 1895, p. Various pages.
2: 112

June 1859: Alfred Tennyson published the first four...

Writing climate item

June 1859

Alfred Tennyson published the first four poems in his sequence The Idylls of the King.
Wise, Thomas J. A Bibliography of the Writings of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1967, 2 Vols.
152-63

Isabella Beeton: 3 June 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Isabella Beeton

3 June 1859

IB 's second son, again named Samuel Orchart after his father, was born; he too died early, this time at the age of three.
Other biographers date this birth five months later.
Freeman, Sarah. Isabella and Sam: The Story of Mrs Beeton. Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1977.
162, 175
Bloom, Abigail Burnham, editor. Nineteenth-Century British Women Writers. Greenwood Press, 2000.
20-1
Hughes, Kathryn. The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs. Beeton. Knopf, 2005.
187, 251

4 June 1859: Household Words merged with Charles Dickens's...

Writing climate item

4 June 1859

Household Words merged with Charles Dickens 's new periodical All the Year Round.
Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. HarperCollins, 1990.
850

6 June 1859: Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony...

National or international item

6 June 1859

Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales.
Clark, Charles Manning Hope. A History of Australia. Melbourne University Press, 1981.
IV: 136
Greenwood, Gordon, editor. Australia: A Social and Political History. Angus and Robertson, 1955.
110

Mary Cholmondeley: 8 June 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Cholmondeley

8 June 1859

MC was born in the rectory at Hodnet in Shropshire; she was the first daughter and third child in a family of eight.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

George Sand: By 11 June 1859

Writing climate item
Author event in George Sand

By 11 June 1859

Two years after Alfred de Musset 's death, GS published Elle et lui, detailing her side of her affair with him, and vividly recalling details from twenty-five years earlier.
Jordan, Ruth. George Sand: A Biographical Portrait. Taplinger, 1976.
96, 121
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1650 (1859): 776

June 12 1859: The Whig Party reformed under the leadership...

National or international item

June 12 1859

The Whig Party reformed under the leadership of Lord Palmerston , as the Liberal Party .
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw. Handbook of British Chronology. Editors Greenway, D. E. et al., 3rd ed., Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986.
115
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
491
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
857

Catharine Parr Traill: 21 June 1859

Writing climate item
Author event in Catharine Parr Traill

21 June 1859

CPT 's husband Thomas , who had never properly recovered from the loss of their home, died.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
260

24 June 1859: The battle of Solferino was fought: journalist...

National or international item

24 June 1859

The battle of Solferino was fought: journalist Jean Henri Dunant documented the agonies of wounded soldiers left to die on the battlefield, and set out to prevent such suffering for the future.
Waal, Alex de. “Dangers of Discretion”. London Review of Books, 21 Jan. 1999, pp. 27-9.
27

Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck: 25 June 1859

Women writers item

25 June 1859

MAS 's niece Christiana C. Hankin published, as its editor, her Principles of Beauty (reworked from her earlier Theory on Beauty), together with two shorter unpublished works.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Henrietta Camilla Jenkin: By June 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Henrietta Camilla Jenkin

By June 1859

HCJ 's anti-slavery novel Cousin Stella; or, Conflict, published as by the author of Violet Bank and set mostly in Jamaica in the early 1830s, was the one that made her name.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Letters of Mrs Gaskell. Editors Chapple, J. A. V. and Arthur Pollard, Harvard University Press, 1967.
562

30 June 1859: The acrobat Blondin successfully crossed...

Building item

30 June 1859

The acrobat Blondin successfully crossed the Niagara Falls on a tightrope 1,300 feet long.
Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. St Martin’s Press, 2001.
10-11

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon: July 1859

Women writers item

July 1859

BLSB helped to found the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women .
Herstein, Sheila R. A Mid-Victorian Feminist: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. Yale University Press, 1985.
140

George Eliot: July 1859

Women writers item
Author event in George Eliot

July 1859

GE 's gothic tale The Lifted Veil appeared in Blackwood's, anonymously instead of under her pseudonym.
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
218-21

Mary Sewell: July 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Sewell

July 1859

MS published The Children of Summerbrook: Scenes of Village Life, Described in Simple Verse.
Village in this context connotes the affairs of the working classes, rather than all those connected with the village.
Bayly, Mary. The Life and Letters of Mrs. Sewell. James Nisbet, 1889.
141
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Geraldine Jewsbury: July 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Geraldine Jewsbury

July 1859

GJ received £200 willed to her by Lady Morgan .
Howe, Susanne. Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors. George Allen and Unwin, 1935.
139-40