Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Emma Marshall: 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Emma Marshall

1856

EM moved to what her daughter later called the cathedral village
Marshall, Beatrice. Emma Marshall. Seeley, 1900.
52
of Wells in Somerset, where her husband became manager of the West of England Bank . In fourteen years there, she bore...

Margaret Oliphant: 1856

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

1856

MO and her family moved from St Pancras to 7 Ulster Place, near Regent's Park.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
24

1856: By this date, the cage crinoline was in widespread...

Building item

1856

By this date, the cage crinoline was in widespread use; this dress support looked like an oversized bird cage, and was constructed of steel hoops banded together.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
91-2
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. “Wife Overboard”. London Review of Books, LRB, 20 Jan. 2000, pp. 35-6.
36

1856: Alexis de Tocqueville published L'Ancien...

Writing climate item

1856

Alexis de Tocqueville published L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, a study of pre-evolutionary France.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
986

1856-1862: Charles Knight published The Popular History...

Writing climate item

1856-1862

Charles Knight published The Popular History of England.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1856: The Children's Aid Society was founded....

Building item

1856

The Children's Aid Society was founded.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
150

1856: The first thread sewing machine for bookbinding...

Writing climate item

1856

The first thread sewing machine for bookbinding was invented by David McConnell Smyth of Hartford, Connecticut.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
151

1 January 1856: The McGlashan and Gill publishing house was...

Writing climate item

1 January 1856

The McGlashan and Gill publishing house was established when Michael Henry Gill bought the prosperous house of James McGlashan at 50 Upper Sackville Street, Dublin.
Upper Sackville Street later became O'Connell Street.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 203

1856: The County and Borough Police Act legislated...

National or international item

1856

The County and Borough Police Act legislated government-inspected police forces for areas not covered under the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835.
Steedman, Carolyn. Policing the Victorian Community: The Formation of English Provincial Police Forces, 1856-80. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984.
26, 57
Taylor, David, 1946 -. The New Police in Nineteenth Century England: Crime, Conflict, and Control. Manchester University Press, 1997.
37-8

1856: American zoologist Edmund B. Wilson was the...

Building item

1856

American zoologist Edmund B. Wilson was the first to note the X and Y chromosomes in animals.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
326

1856: Fulham Refuge, a prison for women nearing...

Building item

1856

Fulham Refuge , a prison for women nearing the end of penal servitude sentences, opened in London.
Zedner, Lucia. Women, Crime, and Custody in Victorian England. Clarendon, 1991, http://U of A HSS.
179-82

1856: British abolitionist Julia Griffiths, a supporter...

Building item

1856

British abolitionist Julia Griffiths , a supporter of Frederick Douglass , toured England and Scotland founding women's auxiliaries.
Halbersleben, Karen I. Women’s Participation in the British Antislavery Movement, 1824-1865. Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.
195

1856: The Provincial Medical and Surgical Association...

Building item

1856

The Provincial Medical and Surgical Association was renamed the British Medical Association .
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
22

1856: O'Donovan Rossa established the nationalist...

National or international item

1856

O'Donovan Rossa established the nationalist Phoenix Society in Skibbereen, Ireland.
Foster, Robert Fitzroy. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Allen Lane, 1988.
607

1856: Under the direction of Sir Rowland Hill,...

Building item

1856

Under the direction of Sir Rowland Hill , London was divided into twelve postal districts, named after the points of the compass (SW, W, NW, etc.) with two central districts: WC and EC.
“London’s Postcodes (ZIP Codes)”. LondonTown.

1856: The Espousals, the second part of Coventry...

Writing climate item

1856

The Espousals, the second part of Coventry Patmore 's poem The Angel in the House, was published.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1410 (4 November 1854): 1335
Weinig, Mary Anthony. Coventry Patmore. Twayne, 1981.
11

1856: Advances in organic chemistry enabled William...

Building item

1856

Advances in organic chemistry enabled William Henry Perkin to synthesize the first artificial or aniline dye, mauve; the dyes started a fashion craze for brilliant colours.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
326
Taton, René, editor. Science in the Nineteenth Century. Translator Pomerans, Arnold J., Vol. 3, Basic Books, 1965.
296-7

1 January 1856: The first issue of the Oxford and Cambridge...

Writing climate item

1 January 1856

The first issue of the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine was published; it sold for a shilling.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
2: 724
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
2: 725
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
2: 723-5, 729

1856: Isaac Singer opened his first sewing machine...

Building item

1856

Isaac Singer opened his first sewing machine retail outlet, in Glasgow; Singer's store was among the first to sell only one brand of merchandise.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
114

1856: Ralph Waldo Emerson's travel book and social...

Writing climate item

1856

Ralph Waldo Emerson 's travel book and social study English Traits appeared.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1856: J. A. Froude published the first volumes...

Writing climate item

1856

J. A. Froude published the first volumes of his influential twelve-volume History of England from the Death of Cardinal Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada; it was completed in 1870.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1856: The Cunard Company's iron steamship the Persia...

Building item

1856

The Cunard Company 's iron steamship the Persia crossed the Atlantic at an average speed of 13.49 knots, establishing itself as the fastest vessel in the world.
Roche, Thomas William Edgar. Samuel Cunard and the North Atlantic. MacDonald, 1971.
17

1856: English metallurgist Henry Bessemer discovered...

National or international item

1856

English metallurgist Henry Bessemer discovered the Bessemer process, a quick and cheap way of making steel.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
103

1856: Richard Owen, a rival of Darwin and Huxley,...

Building item

1856

Richard Owen , a rival of Darwin and Huxley , was appointed superintendent of the natural history departments of the British Museum .
Gascoigne, Robert Mortimer. A Chronology of the History of Science, 1450-1900. Garland, 1987.
410
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-View in the Nineteenth Century. Basil Blackwell, 1986.
100

1856: Owen Jones published his Grammar of Ornament,...

Writing climate item

1856

Owen Jones published his Grammar of Ornament, a book containing a hundred folio colour plates, which greatly influenced public taste and the field of design.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1536: 441-42
Cumming, Elizabeth, and Wendy Kaplan. The Arts and Crafts Movement. Thames and Hudson, 1991.
12