Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Florence Nightingale : 31 July-13 August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

31 July-13 August 1850

FN spent two weeks visiting the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth near Düsseldorf in Germany.
Webb, Val. Florence Nightingale: The Making of a Radical Theologian. Chalice, 2002.
xx
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 272

Antoinette Brown Blackwell: August 1850

Writing climate item

August 1850

Antoinette Brown, later ABB , completed Oberlin 's theological course, but did so without receiving the usual degree and without ordination or official licence to preach.
Cazden, Elizabeth. Antoinette Brown Blackwell. Feminist Press, 1983.
50

Hannah Cullwick: August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cullwick

August 1850

Lady Boughy dismissed HC and another young servant for fooling around while scrubbing bedroom kettles.
Cullwick, Hannah. “Introduction and Notes”. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant, edited by Liz Stanley, Rutgers University Press, 1984, pp. 1 - 28, passim.
298-9

August 1850: The Public Libraries Act, which provided...

National or international item

August 1850

The Public Libraries Act, which provided for government-funded libraries, was given royal assent.
Altick, Richard D. The English Common Reader. 2nd ed., Ohio State University Press, 1998.
226
Black, Alistair. A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Political Contexts, 1850-1914. Leicester University Press, 1996.
31
Feather, John. A History of British Publishing. Croom Helm, 1988.
154
Black, Alistair. “Lost Worlds of Culture: Victorian Libraries, Library History and Prospects for a History of Information”. Journal of Victorian Culture, Vol.
2
, No. 1, 1997.
99, 110
Kelly, Thomas. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain 1845-1975. 2nd ed., Library Association, 1977.
14-15

August 1850: Mrs Bell's World of Fashion, published in...

Building item

August 1850

Mrs Bell 's World of Fashion, published in London, became the first magazine to print paper patterns for clothes.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
39

August 1850: Thomas Carlyle published his virulent Latter-day...

Writing climate item

August 1850

Thomas Carlyle published his virulent Latter-day Pamphlets in a single volume, following their gradual appearance earlier in the year in the form of eight pamphlets.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
171
Cox, Michael, editor. The Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press, 2002, 2 vols.

Ouida: 3 August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Ouida

3 August 1850

The child Ouida , with her mother, left England for Boulogne on the coast of France, where they spent a number of weeks visiting her father, Louis Ramé , and were introduced to Laetitia Christine Bonaparte .
Stirling, Monica. The Fine and the Wicked: The Life and Times of Ouida. Coward-McCann, 1958.
30
Nadel, Ira Bruce, and William E. Fredeman, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 18. Gale Research, 1983.
18: 241

9 August 1850: The Irish Tenant League was formed....

National or international item

9 August 1850

The Irish Tenant League was formed.
Foster, Robert Fitzroy. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Allen Lane, 1988.
607

14 August 1850: The Irish Franchise Act tightened voter registration,...

National or international item

14 August 1850

The Irish Franchise Act tightened voter registration, increasing the urban electorate and decreasing the rural electorate.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
271
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.
(1850): 580

14 August 1850: Norwich was the first town to adopt the Public...

Building item

14 August 1850

Norwich was the first town to adopt the Public Libraries Act (1850), although building delays prevented its library from opening until 1857.
Black, Alistair. A New History of the English Public Library: Social and Political Contexts, 1850-1914. Leicester University Press, 1996.
176
Kelly, Thomas. A History of Public Libraries in Great Britain 1845-1975. 2nd ed., Library Association, 1977.
24
The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by J. Bentham, 1762–2026.

Frances Ridley Havergal : August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Ridley Havergal

August 1850

FRH was admitted to Campden House boarding school in London under the instruction of Mrs Teed.
Havergal, Maria Vernon Graham, and Frances Ridley Havergal. Memorials of Frances Ridley Havergal. J. Nisbet, 1883.
24
Grierson, Janet. Frances Ridley Havergal: Worchestershire Hymnwriter. Havergal Society, 1979.
29-30

17 August 1850: Denmark sold all its property on the Gold...

National or international item

17 August 1850

Denmark sold all its property on the Gold Coast (now Ghana) to the UK for £10,000.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 651
Langer, William L., editor. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
875

Honoré de Balzac: 18 August 1850

Writing climate item
Author event in Honoré de Balzac

18 August 1850

HB , French realist novelist, died at the age of fifty-one.
Brosman, Catharine Savage, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 119. Gale Research, 1992.

Charlotte Brontë: 19-26 August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

19-26 August 1850

CB visited her neighbours Sir James and Lady Kay-Shuttleworth in the Lake District, where she met Elizabeth Gaskell .
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
631, 651, 653
Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Editor Shelston, Alan, Penguin, 1975.
417

Florence Nightingale : By 19 August 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

By 19 August 1850

FN completed writing, in five days, her first pamphlet, The Institution of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine. It appeared anonymously the following year: her earliest published work.
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 272

Emily Brontë: September 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Brontë

September 1850

Sydney Thompson Dobell 's anonymous Palladium notice initiated a positive critical view of Wuthering Heights, declaring it the unformed writing of a giant's hand; the large utterance of a baby god.
qtd. in
Allott, Miriam, editor. The Brontës. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.
277-83

Catharine Parr Traill: September 1850

Writing climate item
Author event in Catharine Parr Traill

September 1850

CPT finished the manuscript for Canadian Crusoes and quickly sent it to England so that her sistersJane Margaret Strickland could find a publisher.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
190-1

Mary Russell Mitford: September 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Russell Mitford

September 1850

MRM moved from her now intolerably dilapidated cottage at Three Mile Cross to her last home, in the neighbouring village of Swallowfield near Reading.
Sullivan says 1851, but L'Estrange 1850.
Mitford, Mary Russell. The Life of Mary Russell Mitford: Told by Herself in Letters To Her Friends. Editor L’Estrange, Alfred Guy Kingham, Harper and Brothers, 1870, 2 vols.
2: 303-4
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
116: 193, 197
Mitford, Mary Russell. The Life of Mary Russell Mitford: Told by Herself in Letters To Her Friends. Editor L’Estrange, Alfred Guy Kingham, Harper and Brothers, 1870, 2 vols.
2: 303

Augusta Ada Byron: 7 September 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Augusta Ada Byron

7 September 1850

In a rare gesture of interest in Byron —the father she had never met—AAB , Countess of Lovelace, visited his home, Newstead Abbey.
Woolley, Benjamin. The Bride of Science: Romance, Reason and Byron’s Daughter. Macmillan, 1999.
321

Jane Ellen Harrison: 9 September 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Jane Ellen Harrison

9 September 1850

JEH was born at Cottingham in Yorkshire.
Robinson, Annabel. The Life and Work of Jane Ellen Harrison. Oxford University Press, 2001.
14

Grace Aguilar: By 14 September 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

By 14 September 1850

The teenaged GA 's The Vale of Cedars; or, The Martyr, a novel of the Jews in fifteenth-century Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella, was published posthumously.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
972

14 September 1850: A new convent for the Anglican Sisterhood...

Building item

14 September 1850

A new convent for the AnglicanSisterhood of the Holy Cross began construction in Osnaburgh Street in London.
Anson, Peter F. The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. Editor Campbell, A. W., Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1964.
240

18 September 1850: The Fugitive Slave Act (or Runaway Slave...

National or international item

18 September 1850

The Fugitive Slave Act (or Runaway Slave Act) was passed by American president Millard Fillmore , giving slaveowners wide power to abduct people of colour in both slave and non-slave states.
Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present. 20th Anniversary Edition, HarperCollins, 1999.
181-2
Evans, Richard J. The Penguin Dictionary of Nineteenth Century History. Editors Belchem, John and Richard Price, Penguin, 1996.
240

Anne Brontë: Autumn 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Brontë

Autumn 1850

After AB 's death, Agnes Grey was reprinted with Wuthering Heights, some of the sisters ' poetry, and a biographical preface by Charlotte , who considered this novel more suitable than The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
654-6
Brontë, Charlotte, and Emily Brontë. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell; Editors Preface to the New Edition of Wuthering Heights; Extract from the Prefatory Note to Selections from Poems by Ellis Bell”. Wuthering Heights, edited by Professor Ian Jack and Professor Ian Jack, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 359 - 65; 365.
365
Brontë, Anne, and Charles William Hatfield. The Complete Poems of Anne Brontë. Editor Shorter, Clement, Hodder and Stoughton, 1921.
ix
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
594

Emily Brontë: Autumn 1850

Women writers item
Author event in Emily Brontë

Autumn 1850

EB 's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë 's Agnes Grey reappeared in a cheap, single volume with a heavily edited and annotated selection of poems and a biographical preface by Charlotte Brontë .
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
654-6
Brontë, Charlotte, and Emily Brontë. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell; Editors Preface to the New Edition of Wuthering Heights; Extract from the Prefatory Note to Selections from Poems by Ellis Bell”. Wuthering Heights, edited by Professor Ian Jack and Professor Ian Jack, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 359 - 65; 365.
365