Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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Grace Aguilar: Summer 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

Summer 1847

GA and her mother repaired to the steel baths at Schwalbach for several weeks, still hoping her health would improve; thereafter they returned to Frankfurt, where she lived only a few weeks longer.
Aguilar, Grace. An Archive of Her Letters.
(6 April 1848): 4-6

Felicia Skene: 12 August 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Felicia Skene

12 August 1847

FS published a book of travel writing, Wayfaring Sketches Among the Greeks and Turks, and on the Shores of the Danube, as by a seven years' resident in Greece.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1034 (12 August 1847): 881-4

17 August 1847: The duchesse de Praslin was murdered by her...

Building item

17 August 1847

The duchesse de Praslin was murdered by her husband in their home in Paris. He attempted to conceal his guilt, then took poison and died during his trial.
Haydn, Joseph. Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information. Editor Vincent, Benjamin, 21st ed., Ward, Lock and Bowden, 1895.
833
Carter, Kathryn. “The Cultural Work of Diaries in Mid-Century Victorian Britain”. Victorian Review, Vol.
23
, No. 2, 1 Dec. 1997–28 Feb. 1998, pp. 251-67.
261

Jane Francesca, Lady Wilde: 24 August 1847

Women writers item

24 August 1847

On a visit to Cavers Manse in the Scottish Borders, the future JFLW copied into the visitors' book some stanzas from her poem entitled Vanitas. She signed herself Jane Francesca Agnez [sic] Elgee.
Grant, Roger. “Speranza’s Visit To Scotland, Summer 1847”. The Wildean—A Journal of Oscar Wilde Studies, edited by Don Mead, Jan. 2015.

Charlotte Guest: 25 August 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Guest

25 August 1847

CG bore her youngest child, Blanche Vere (later Countess of Bessborough) , with her usual swiftness and ease. But an hour and a half after the birth she was suddenly seized with faintness, and felt...

Grace Aguilar: Autumn 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

Autumn 1847

Grace Aguilar 's story Lady Gresham's Fête, which attacked privileged women's use of the sweated labour of seamstresses, appeared in the annualBook of Beauty.
Boyle, Andrew. An Index to the Annuals. Andrew Boyle, 1967.
7

Antoinette Brown Blackwell: Fall 1847

Writing climate item

Fall 1847

Antoinette Brown, later ABB , returned to Oberlin Collegiate Institute to begin her studies in the department of theology.
Cazden, Elizabeth. Antoinette Brown Blackwell. Feminist Press, 1983.
35

Hannah Cullwick: Autumn1847

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cullwick

Autumn1847

HC went to work as a nurserymaid at a vicarage in Ryton near Shifnal.
Cullwick, Hannah. “Introduction and Notes”. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant, edited by Liz Stanley, Rutgers University Press, 1984, pp. 1 - 28, passim.
298

Susanna Moodie: September 1847-August 1848

Writing climate item
Author event in Susanna Moodie

September 1847-August 1848

On invitation from Belleville bookseller John Wilson , SM and her husband began editing The Victoria Magazine: A Cheap Periodical for the People. It ran for a year, and featured rising Canadian writers.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. Viking, 1999.
198-9
New, William H., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 99. Gale Research, 1990.
247

Florence Nightingale : September 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

September 1847

FN collapsed from severe weight loss and lack of sleep: within a month she was suffering from physical and mental breakdown.
Nightingale, Florence. Ever Yours, Florence Nightingale. Editors Vicinus, Martha and Bea Nergaard, Harvard University Press, 1990.
39
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 270

September 1847: The Vegetarian Society was founded in Ramsgate,...

Building item

September 1847

The Vegetarian Society was founded in Ramsgate, Kent.
Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. St Martin’s Press, 2001.
107

Caroline Chisholm: September 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Caroline Chisholm

September 1847

Caroline Chisholm published Comfort for the Poor! Meat Three Times a Day!! Voluntary information from the people of New South Wales, collected in that colony by Mrs. Chisholm, in 1845-46.
This month of...

4 September 1847: The printing firm Messrs Biggar and Odhams...

Writing climate item

4 September 1847

The printing firm Messrs Biggar and Odhams was founded by William Biggar and William Odhams at 15 Beaufort Buildings, London.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 112. Gale Research, 1991.
237

Elizabeth Gaskell: By early September 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Gaskell

By early September 1847

When an unmarried cook working for the family was revealed to be pregnant, EG was full of sorrowful pity for her, and tried to arrange for help and support.
qtd. in
Ward, David. “Fans hail find of letters by Mrs Gaskell”. The Guardian, 26 June 1999, p. 13.
13

Coventry Patmore: 11 September 1847

Writing climate item
Author event in Coventry Patmore

11 September 1847

CP married the first of his three successive wives, Emily Augusta Andrews , the inspiration for his poem The Angel in the House.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Mary Martin: 14 September 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Martin

14 September 1847

MM married her cousin Arthur Gonne Bell , who had no money of his own. On marrying her he officially took her surname.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.

Grace Aguilar: 16 September 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Grace Aguilar

16 September 1847

GA died at the age of thirty-one in Frankfurt, Germany, of complications she had suffered following measles and tuberculosis.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Aguilar, Sarah, and Grace Aguilar. “Memoir of Grace Aguilar”. Home Influence, Hickling, Swan, and Brewer, 1857, p. ix - xvii.
xvi
Abrahams, Beth-Zion. “Grace Aguilar: A Centenary Tribute”. Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England, Vol.
16
, 1952, pp. 137-48.
146
Hall, Anna Maria, and Frederick William Fairholt. Pilgrimages to English Shrines. New Edition, Arthur Hall, Virtue, 1853.
462

By 18 September 1847: John Conolly published The Construction and...

Building item

By 18 September 1847

John Conolly published The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane, which likened the asylum to a home with a benevolent superintendent father.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
28, 33-5, 84, 255
Athenæum. J. Lection.
1038 (1847): 973

Annie Besant: 1 October 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Annie Besant

1 October 1847

Annie Wood (later AB ) was born at 2 Fish Street Hill in London.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.
Taylor, Anne, 1932 -. Annie Besant: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1992.
1

Anne Thackeray Ritchie: Autumn1847

Women writers item
Author event in Anne Thackeray Ritchie

Autumn1847

Anne Thackeray (later ATR ) visited Paris (her former home) with her grandmother. While there she met Chopin .
Gérin, Winifred. Anne Thackeray Ritchie: A Biography. Oxford University Press, 1981.
33-5

Alice Meynell: 11 October 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Alice Meynell

11 October 1847

Alice Christiana Gertrude Thompson (later AM ) was born at Barnes in Surrey.
Contemporary Authors online gives her birthday as 22 September this year, while the International Genealogical Index lists both 11 October and 22 September.
Badeni, June. The Slender Tree: A Life of Alice Meynell. Tabb House, 1981.
1
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
98

Charlotte Brontë: 16 October 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

16 October 1847

CB 's novel Jane Eyre: An Autobiography was published in three volumes as edited by Currer Bell .
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
535
Gordon, Lyndall. Charlotte Brontë: A Passionate Life. Chatto and Windus, 1994.
161

Frances Power Cobbe: 26 October 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Power Cobbe

26 October 1847

FPC 's mother died; she was seventy, though Frances was still in her early twenties.
Cobbe, Frances Power. Life of Frances Power Cobbe. Houghton, Mifflin, 1894, 2 vols.
1: 88
Mitchell, Sally. Frances Power Cobbe: Victorian Feminist, Journalist, Reformer. University of Virginia Press, 2004.
69

Florence Nightingale : 27 October 1847

Women writers item
Author event in Florence Nightingale

27 October 1847

FN left England for Rome with her friends Selina and Charles Bracebridge to recuperate from emotional and physical collapse.
Brothers, Barbara, and Julia Gergits, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 166. Gale Research, 1996.
166: 270

Hannah Cullwick: Autumn1847

Women writers item
Author event in Hannah Cullwick

Autumn1847

HC 's mother died of fever while HC was away in service; her mistress would not give her leave to go to her family.
Cullwick, Hannah. The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant. Editor Stanley, Liz, Rutgers University Press, 1984.
36-7