Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1839: Kirkpatrick MacMillan, a Scottish blacksmith...

Building item

1839

Kirkpatrick MacMillan , a Scottish blacksmith at Keir in Dumfriesshire, invented the first self-propelling bicycle. In June 1842 he publicized his invention by riding it the sixty-eight miles from his home to Glasgow.
Panati, Charles. Panati’s Browser’s Book of Beginnings. Houghton Mifflin, 1984.
312
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
260
Buchanan, Stewart. “Made in Scotland”. London Review of Books, 3 Aug. 2006, p. 6.
6

1839-1851: The Sheffield Female Radical Association,...

National or international item

1839-1851

The Sheffield Female Radical Association , one of the most enduring female Chartist Associations, pressed for the active involvement of women in politics.
Schwarzkopf, Jutta. Women in the Chartist Movement. St Martin’s Press, 1991.
248

1839-1843: James Clark Ross voyaged on HMS Erebus and...

National or international item

1839-1843

James Clark Ross voyaged on HMS Erebus and Terror to Antarctica.
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
54

1839-1840: Official literacy rates (that is, of those...

National or international item

1839-1840

Official literacy rates (that is, of those able to sign their name) were measured for the first time in the UK: 67 percent for men, 51 percent for women.
Altick, Richard D. The English Common Reader. 2nd ed., Ohio State University Press, 1998.
380

1839: John Lloyd Stephens and artist Frederick...

Building item

1839

John Lloyd Stephens and artist Frederick Catherwood travelled to Central America to locate and investigate the Copán ruins; they discovered that these were remains of the Mayan civilization.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
304

1839: Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) showed the ovum...

Building item

1839

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) showed the ovum to be a cell; this observation led to the cell-growth theory.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
491

1839-1840: A treasury-appointed committee chose Holyhead...

National or international item

1839-1840

A treasury-appointed committee chose Holyhead in Wales as the railway terminus port for connections to Ireland.
Simmons, Jack. The Railway in England and Wales 1830-1914. Leicester University Press, 1978.
31

1839: The Casket of Fate, a small collection of...

Writing climate item

1839

The Casket of Fate, a small collection of verse by Frances Osgood , appeared in London.
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
250

1839: Mungo Ponton announced the discovery of light-sensitive...

Building item

1839

Mungo Ponton announced the discovery of light-sensitive properties of bichromate of potash.
Gentry, Helen, and David Greenhood. Chronology of Books and Printing. Rev. ed., Macmillan, 1936.
109

1839: Hemmet, one of Fredrika Bremer's best-known...

Writing climate item

1839

Hemmet, one of Fredrika Bremer 's best-known domestic novels, appeared; it was translated into English in 1843 by Mary Howitt as The Home, or Family Cares and Family Joys.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1839: Electrotyping processes were invented independently...

Writing climate item

1839

Electrotyping processes were invented independently of one another by H. Von Jacobi of St. Petersburg, Thomas Spencer of Liverpool, and C. J. Jordan of London.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
145

1839: At Cambridge, the Cambridge Network—which...

Building item

1839

At Cambridge, the Cambridge Network—which included John Herschel , William Babbage , George Peacock , George Airy , Adam Sedgwick , and William Whewell —lobbied to establish the formal study of science.
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
78-9

January 1839: The Daguerrotype system of photography was...

Building item

January 1839

The Daguerrotype system of photography was unveiled at the Académie des Sciences in Paris.
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
13
Davis, Phil. Photography. 3rd ed., W. C. Brown, 1979.
4

1839: The Microscopical Society of London (later...

Building item

1839

The Microscopical Society of London (later the Royal Microscopical Society) was founded by, among others, Nathaniel Ward , inventor of the Wardian (fern) case.
Gascoigne, Robert Mortimer. A Chronology of the History of Science, 1450-1900. Garland, 1987.
389
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
119

1839: George Bell founded his publishing firm in...

Writing climate item

1839

George Bell founded his publishing firm in London; it specialised in educational books.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 22, 25, 27

1839-1900: The infant mortality rate in England and...

National or international item

1839-1900

The infant mortality rate in England and Wales averaged 151 deaths per 1,000 live births.
Smith, Francis Barrymore. The People’s Health, 1830-1910. Croom Helm, 1979.
65-6

1839: Louis Jacques Daguerre announced his discovery...

Building item

1839

Louis Jacques Daguerre announced his discovery of a photographic process; his daguerrotypes were silver images produced on copper plates.
Taton, René, editor. Science in the Nineteenth Century. Translator Pomerans, Arnold J., Vol. 3, Basic Books, 1965.
150

1839: Theodor Schwann published the results of...

Building item

1839

Theodor Schwann published the results of his cell research, translated into English in 1847 as Microscopical Researches into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants.
Merrill, Lynn L. The Romance of Victorian Natural History. Oxford University Press, 1989.
119
Taton, René, editor. Science in the Nineteenth Century. Translator Pomerans, Arnold J., Vol. 3, Basic Books, 1965.
350

1839-41: The standard translation of the Arabian Nights,...

Writing climate item

1839-41

The standard translation of the Arabian Nights, made by Edward William Lane and issued in instalments, appeared in three massive volumes.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

1839: Pope Gregory XVI condemned the slave tra...

National or international item

1839

Pope Gregory XVI condemned the slave trade.
Rogozinski, Jan. A Brief History of the Caribbean: From the Arawak and the Carib to the Present. Revised, Facts on File, 1999.
183-4

1839: William Jones argued in favour of the speculum...

Building item

1839

William Jones argued in favour of the speculum in his Practical Observations on the Diseases of Women.
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
112-3

1839: The electric telegraph was used for the first...

National or international item

1839

The electric telegraph was used for the first time on a railroad by the Great Western Railway .
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
91

1839: Supporters of Daniel O'Connell broke up a...

National or international item

1839

Supporters of Daniel O'Connell broke up a Dublin meeting attended by Robert Lowery .
Royle, Edward. Chartism. Longman, 1980.
71

1839: Charles Darwin published Journal of Researches...

Writing climate item

1839

Charles Darwin published Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, 1832-1836.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

Frances Trollope: 5 January 1839

Women writers item
Author event in Frances Trollope

5 January 1839

FT 's novelThe Widow Barnaby was published; she later wrote two sequels to it.
Athenæum. J. Lection.
584 (1839): 9
Heineman, Helen. Mrs. Trollope: The Triumphant Feminine in the Nineteenth Century. Ohio University Press, 1979.
159