Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1749: John Roebuck and Samuel Garbett began manufacturing...

Building item

1749

John Roebuck and Samuel Garbett began manufacturing sulphuric acid at Prestonpans near Edinburgh.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

1749: An appeal to raise funds to institute a Magdalen...

Building item

1749

An appeal to raise funds to institute a Magdalen Hospital in London (for prostitutes wishing to reform) netted £5000 in a few months.
Perry, Ruth. “Good Girls and Fallen Women: Representations of Prostitutes in Eighteenth-Century Fiction”. Narrating Transgression: Representations of the Criminal in Early Modern England, edited by Rosamaria Loretelli and Roberto De Romanis, Peter Lang, 1999, pp. 91-101.
97

1749: Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock published Der...

Writing climate item

1749

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock published Der Messias, a religious poem in three cantos.
Baillie, Joanna. The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie. Editor Slagle, Judith Bailey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1999, 2 vols.
1: 429

1749: David Hartley published Observations on Man,...

Building item

1749

David Hartley published Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duties, and his Expectations, which established a materialist theory of the human mind.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1749: The philosophe Buffon began publishing his...

Building item

1749

The philosophe Buffon began publishing his Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, one of the great Enlightenment collaborative projects for the advancement of learning.
O’Brien, Karen. Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
99

1749: Lord Hardwicke, now Lord Chancellor, confirmed...

Writing climate item

1749

Lord Hardwicke , now Lord Chancellor, confirmed his ruling of 1729 that, contrary to popular belief, a slave did not become free on reaching England.
Walvin, James et al. “Ignatius Sancho: The Man and His Times”. Ignatius Sancho: An African Man of Letters, National Portrait Gallery, 1997, pp. 93-113.
98

Sarah Fielding: 2 January 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Fielding

2 January 1749

SF published The Governess; or, The Little Female Academy, sometimes cited as the earliest full-length book written for children.
Sabor, Peter, and Sarah Fielding. “Introduction”. The Adventures of David Simple and Volume the Last, University Press of Kentucky, 1998, p. vii - xli.
xxxix

Sarah Fielding: 7 January 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Sarah Fielding

7 January 1749

SF published anonymously her Remarks on Clarissa, Addressed to the Author.
Sabor, Peter, and Sarah Fielding. “Introduction”. The Adventures of David Simple and Volume the Last, University Press of Kentucky, 1998, p. vii - xli.
xxxix

Samuel Johnson: 9 January 1749

Writing climate item
Author event in Samuel Johnson

9 January 1749

Samuel Johnson published his second long poem, The Vanity of Human Wishes: the first of his published works to bear his name.
Johnson, Samuel. Poems. Editors McAdam, Edward Lippincott, Jr and George Milne, The Yale Edition of the Works of Samuel Johnson, Yale University Press, 1964.
90

Henry Fielding: 12 January 1749

Writing climate item
Author event in Henry Fielding

12 January 1749

HF was commissioned a magistrate for the county of Middlesex.
Fielding, Henry. “Introduction”. Tom Jones, edited by John Bender et al., Oxford University Press, 1996, p. ix - xliii.
xlii

Mary Jones: February 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Jones

February 1749

MJ 's elegy on the death of Lord Aubrey Beauclerk was praised in verse in the Gentleman's Magazine (where it had recently appeared) by Laetitia Meanwell.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
(1749) 19: 87

Elizabeth Montagu: By about February 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Montagu

By about February 1749

EM met and formed a close friendship with Elizabeth Vesey .
Myers, Sylvia Harcstark. The Bluestocking Circle: Women, Friendship, and the Life of the Mind in Eighteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1990.
251-2
Climenson, Emily J., and Elizabeth Montagu. Elizabeth Montagu, The Queen of the Bluestockings. Her Correspondence from 1720 to 1761. John Murray, 1906, 2 vols.
1: 267

1 February 1749: The Behn-Southerne play of Oroonoko had the...

Building item

1 February 1749

The Behn -Southerne play of Oroonoko had the single most important performance . . . in its long history—
Basker, James G. “Intimations of Abolitionism in 1759: Johnson, Hawkesworth, and OroonokoThe Age of Johnson, edited by Paul J. Korshin and Jack Lynch, Vol.
12
, AMS Press, 2001, pp. 47-66.
51
watched by two Africans who had shared the hero's fate of betrayal into slavery.
Basker, James G. “Intimations of Abolitionism in 1759: Johnson, Hawkesworth, and OroonokoThe Age of Johnson, edited by Paul J. Korshin and Jack Lynch, Vol.
12
, AMS Press, 2001, pp. 47-66.
51-3 and n15, 20

10 February 1749: Henry Fielding published Tom Jones, his comic...

Writing climate item

10 February 1749

Henry Fielding published Tom Jones, his comic epic poem in prose, in six volumes containing three books each. It reached a (revised) fourth edition by 11 December.
Fielding, Henry. “Introduction”. Tom Jones, edited by John Bender et al., Oxford University Press, 1996, p. ix - xliii.
xlii

Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore: 24 February 1749

Women writers item

24 February 1749

Mary Eleanor Bowes (later Countess of Strathmore ) was born at Gibside House near Gateshead in County Durham, a sixteenth-century family house. She remained an only child.
Cokayne, George Edward. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Editor Gibbs, Vicary, St Catherine Press, 1910–1959, 14 vols.
Parker, Derek. The Trampled Wife. Sutton, 2006.
6

Elizabeth Carter: By April 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Elizabeth Carter

By April 1749

EC had promised Catherine Talbot that she would undertake the project of making a scholarly translation of the Enchiridion by Epictetus .
This work of ancient Greek stoic philosophy was something of a favourite with...

Anna, Lady Miller : April 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Anna, Lady Miller

April 1749

The year after her father died, the child Anna or Anne Riggs was dangerously ill with smallpox.
Montagu, Elizabeth. “MSS MO 1-6923”. Huntington Library Manuscripts.
1749

Judith Cowper Madan : Probably 2 April 1749, Easter Day

Women writers item
Author event in Judith Cowper Madan

Probably 2 April 1749, Easter Day

JCM was confirmed in the Church of England by Thomas Secker , probably at St James's, Piccadilly, having apparently not received this sacrament as a child.
Madan, Falconer. The Madan Family. Oxford University Press, 1933.
82

21 April 1749: Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks was...

Building item

21 April 1749

Handel 's Music for the Royal Fireworks was first heard; its audience was one of all classes at Vauxhall Gardens, London.
Brewer, John. The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Farrar Straus Giroux, 1997.
25-8

Mary Ward: 30 April 1749

Building item
Author event in Mary Ward

30 April 1749

A century after MW 's death, Pope Benedict XIV in the Bull Quamvis justo ensured her Institute 's survival by confirming the office of General Superior, but forbade the honouring of her as Foundress.
Chambers, Mary Catharine Elizabeth. The Life of Mary Ward (1585-1645). Editor Coleridge, Henry James, Burns and Oates, 1882, 2 vols.
2: xv and n, xvi

Winifred Maxwell, Countess of Nithsdale: May 1749

Women writers item

May 1749

WMCN died in Rome after five years of widowhood.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Winifred Maxwell

May 1749: Ralph Griffiths began publishing the Monthly...

Writing climate item

May 1749

Ralph Griffiths began publishing the Monthly Review.
Griffiths, Ralph, 1720 - 1803, and George Edward Griffiths, editors. Monthly Review. R. Griffiths.
1 (1759)
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.

1 May 1749: Elizabeth Chudleigh created a sensation by...

Building item

1 May 1749

Elizabeth Chudleigh created a sensation by appearing at a masquerade in the character of Iphigenia, in a dress so transparent that she was as good as naked.
Rizzo, Betty. Companions Without Vows: Relationships Among Eighteenth-Century British Women. University of Georgia Press, 1994.
67

Charlotte Smith: 4 May 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Smith

4 May 1749

Charlotte Turner (later CS ) was born at King Street, St James's Square, London.
Hilbish, Florence. Charlotte Smith, Poet and Novelist. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.
9

Catharine Trotter: After 11 May 1749

Women writers item
Author event in Catharine Trotter

After 11 May 1749

Catharine Cockburn (formerly Trotter) died at Long Horsley, Northumberland, where she was buried. This was the day she made her will, being apparently too weak to sign for herself.
Kelley, Anne. Catharine Trotter: An Early Modern Writer in the Vanguard of Feminism. Ashgate, 2002.
269-70
Greer, Germaine et al., editors. Kissing the Rod. Virago, 1988.
407