Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present
Virginia Woolf
-
Standard Name: Woolf, Virginia
Birth Name: Adeline Virginia Stephen
Nickname: Ginia
Married Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf
Thousands of readers over three or four generations have known that Virginia Woolf was—by a beadle—denied access to the library of a great university. They may have known, too, that she was a leading intellect of the twentieth century. If they are feminist readers they will know that she thought . . . back through her mothers and also sideways through her sisters and that she contributed more than any other in the twentieth century to the recovery of women's writing.
Marcus, Jane. “Introduction”. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf, edited by Jane Marcus, Macmillan, 1981, p. i - xx.
xiv
Educated in her father's library and in a far more than usually demanding school of life, she radically altered the course not only of the English tradition but also of the several traditions of literature in English.
Froula, Christine. Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Avant-Garde. Columbia University Press, 2005.
2
She wrote prodigiously—nine published novels, as well as stories, essays (including two crucial books on feminism, its relation to education and to war), diaries, letters, biographies (both serious and burlesque), and criticism. As a literary journalist in a wide range of forums, she addressed the major social issues of her time in more than a million words.
Woolf, Virginia. “Introduction; Editorial Note”. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, edited by Andrew McNeillie, Hogarth Press, 1986–1994, pp. vols. 1 - 4: various pages.
ix
She left a richly documented life in words, inventing a modern fiction, theorising modernity, writing the woman into the picture. She built this outstandingly influential work, which has had its impact on both writing and life, on her personal experience, and her fictions emerge to a striking degree from her life, her gender, and her moment in history. In a sketch of her career written to Ethel Smyth
she said that a short story called An Unwritten Novelwas the great discovery . . . . That—again in one second—showed me how I could embody all my deposit of experience in a shape that fitted it.
Woolf, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Editors Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, Hogarth Press, 1975–1980, 6 vols.
Debbie is disabled, wheelchair-bound and reliant on a computerised voice to communicate. Her voice software, made in America, is programmed to substitute a rhyming word for one deemed too obscene for speech, so that...
Intertextuality and Influence
Wyndham Lewis
A satiric novel by WL
, The Roaring Queen, whose chief targets were Virginia Woolf
and Arnold Bennett
, was withdrawn from publication after threats of legal action. It was not published until 1973.
Oldsey, Bernard Stanley, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 15. Gale Research, 1983, 2 vols.
316
Intertextuality and Influence
Julia Strachey
The novel's first published title was inspired, according to Frances Partridge
, by Virginia Woolf
's description of painter Henry Lamb
as nipped, like a man on a pier.
qtd. in
Strachey, Julia, and Frances Partridge. Julia: A Portrait of Julia Strachey. Little, Brown, 1983.
Less exotic places are also important. A Sussex lady features a chapel in Lewes, a deep / and obedient pond on the Ouse River, a garden of flowers,
Kazantzis, Judith. Let’s Pretend. Virago, 1984.
13
elm trees and rooks...
Intertextuality and Influence
Jane Gardam
The clever Stanley had longed for education and a wider world. Polly longs too, in vain. After Aunt Frances escapes she is briefly liberated, at sixteen, to visit the country house of a family friend...
Intertextuality and Influence
Christine Brooke-Rose
This sets out to explore the effects of various technological media on the novel genre. It begins with the apparent forcible entry into a story by Jane Austen
of a great German contemporary of Austen:...
Intertextuality and Influence
Eva Figes
Before writing this novel she re-read Woolf
's The Waves, which was to some extent her model, even though she believed it to be in some ways a failure.
Kenyon, Olga. Women Writers Talk. Interviews with 10 women writers. Lennard Publishing, 1989.
81
Figes found it hard...
Intertextuality and Influence
Rose Macaulay
This novel is both social history and satire, covering territory similar to that of Virginia Woolf
's The Years and May Sinclair
's The Tree of Heaven. Like these, it traces the lives of...
Intertextuality and Influence
George Eliot
Alison Booth
has traced GE
's influence on Virginia Woolf
, and several critics have anointed Margaret Drabble
as her major successor among contemporary British writers.
Booth, Alison. Greatness Engendered. Cornell University Press, 1992.
passim
Blake, Kathleen. “George Eliot: The Critical Heritage”. The Cambridge Companion to George Eliot, edited by George Levine and George Levine, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 202-25.
He described it as allegorical, a Virginia Woolf
-Henry Green
novel.
qtd. in
Motion, Andrew. Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life. Faber and Faber, 1993.
160
Its theme, he wrote, was the relinquishing of live response to life.
qtd. in
Brennan, Maeve. The Philip Larkin I Knew. Manchester University Press, 2002.
134
Its protagonist, Katherine, hails from somewhere unspecified in Central...
Intertextuality and Influence
Penelope Shuttle
Time has become another favourite theme among these widely various poems. Vanity makes no reference to the earlier Breasts, but makes an implicit contrast to the bursting energy of that poem: My poor old...
Intertextuality and Influence
Rose Macaulay
Critic A. N. Wilson
has suggested that this novel exerted a significant influence on Woolf
's Orlando.
Lefanu, Sarah. Rose Macaulay. Virago, 2003.
338
Intertextuality and Influence
Philip Larkin
His youthful letters to Sutton are clotted with obscenities in a schoolboy manner, boring and embarrassing to a later generation: My tooth still aches. Balls & anus! I feel shat upon.
qtd. in
Brennan, Maeve. The Philip Larkin I Knew. Manchester University Press, 2002.
5
The pained exaggeration...
Intertextuality and Influence
Elizabeth Bowen
The authors whom EB
wrote of for the British Council in English Novelists are (as the commission required) canonical and mostly male. She was deeply influenced by Virginia Woolf
, and wrote after Woolf's death...
Intertextuality and Influence
Mary Renault
Homosexuals in British fiction had been portrayed mostly as sick, funny, or both since the Oscar Wilde
trials (1895). E. M. Forster
had kept his Maurice unpublished. Radclyffe Hall
had run into trouble. Virginia Woolf