Charlotte Brontë

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Standard Name: Brontë, Charlotte
Birth Name: Charlotte Brontë
Married Name: Mrs Arthur Bell Nicholls
Pseudonym: Currer Bell
Used Form: Charlotte Bronte
CB 's five novels, with their passionate explorations of the dilemmas facing nineteenth-century middle-class English women, have made her perhaps the most loved, imitated, resisted, and hotly debated novelist of the Victorian period.
Etching of Charlotte Brontë after a portrait by George Richmond, 1850. She is seen from the waist up, seated, with one elbow resting on a table, that hand holding a small book and the other on her lap, holding a handkerchief. She wears a flat ribbon round her neck, and a dark dress, buttoned in front, with lace trim on the sleeves and bodice. Her dark, smooth hair is pulled back and tied with a dark ribbon.

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Education Flora Macdonald Mayor
Although FMM 's father was, for the most part, more concerned with her fragile health than her academic development, the twin sisters received some home-schooling from their mother to quite a high level, since she...
Textual Features Flora Macdonald Mayor
While spinsters are again perceived as lonely, self-pitying, garrulous, defensive
TLS Centenary Archive Centenary Archive [1902-2012]. http://www.gale.com/c/the-times-literary-supplement-historical-archive.
4223 (9 March 1984): 238
in the eyes of some, the heroine here defies such a one-sided image. Leonard Woolf found Mary Jocelyn very reserved...
Friends, Associates Harriet Martineau
HM was visited by Charlotte Brontë at her home in Ambleside.
Martineau, Harriet. “Introduction and Editorial Materials”. Selected Letters, edited by Valerie Sanders, Clarendon Press, pp. vii - xxxiii, 235.
xxii
Intertextuality and Influence Harriet Martineau
Charlotte Brontë 's publisher, Smith, Elder and Co. , rejected HM 's pro-Catholic novel entitled Oliver Weld, which Charlotte had persuaded her friend to write because of her admiration for Deerbrook.
Martineau, Harriet, and Gaby Weiner. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography. Virago.
2: 382
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press.
692
Friends, Associates Harriet Martineau
Charlotte Brontë first met HM in person in December 1849, after pseudonymously contacting her by letter the month before. The ensuing friendship was marked by admiration and sympathy on both sides.
Martineau, Harriet, and Gaby Weiner. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography. Virago.
2: 323-8
Cultural formation Harriet Martineau
In a letter to Charlotte Brontë , HM expressed her views thus: I cannot conceive the absence of a First Cause; but then I contend that it is not a person, i. e. that it...
Literary responses Harriet Martineau
The novel prompted a complimentary letter on 7 November 1849 from Currer Bell (Charlotte Brontë ) saying that in it he tasted a new and keen pleasure, and experienced a genuine benefit. In his...
Theme or Topic Treated in Text Harriet Martineau
Among her subjects are Lady Byron (an occasion for HM to deplore Byron 's conduct and influence), Mary Berry , Mary Russell Mitford , Charlotte Brontë , Jane Marcet , Amelia Opie , Mary Somerville
Textual Production Harriet Martineau
These collections supply parts of HM 's correspondence with Matthew Arnold , Charlotte Brontë , Jane Welsh Carlyle , John Chapman , Maria Weston Chapman , Anne Jemima Clough , Samuel Courtauld , Ralph Waldo Emerson
Literary responses Anne Marsh
It was presumably the lightning that made Charlotte Brontë fear a charge of plagiarism when she read the tale following the publication of Jane Eyre.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Editor Shelston, Alan, Penguin.
509
Reception Anne Marsh
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography notes AM 's very high contemporary reputation. It cites the London Weekly Chronicle and Margaret Oliphant each hailing her, in her heyday, as a leader among women novelists (though...
Literary responses Hannah Lynch
Blackwood's Magazine introduced the serialization of this book with a half-promise of its being a clef: It is, we believe, the faithful narrative of an actual experience, the work of a powerful writer whose identity...
Textual Features Liz Lochhead
Beginning with a rap'bout being a woman,
Lochhead, Liz. True Confessions and New Clichés. Polygon Books.
3
the revue explores many facets of a woman's life, from her dramas, her traumas, and her fiascos to her fainting spasms; / the ins-and-outs of her...
Residence Anne Lister
For the rest of her life AL lived at fifteenth-century Shibden Hall.
Shibden Hall is now a folk museum.
Nicholls, C. S., editor. The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing Persons. Oxford University Press.
Halifax, the urban centre of AL 's life, is about twelve miles from Haworth...
Fictionalization Anne Lister
AL , whose history and character were known across a wide district around her home, is said to have been the model for Captain Keeldar, the male aspect of the heroine in Charlotte Brontë 's Shirley, 1849.
Birch, Dinah. “Grubbling”. London Review of Books, pp. 10-11.
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