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June 1976: Demonstrations in the Black township of Soweto,...

National or international item

June 1976

Demonstrations in the Black township of Soweto, near Johannesburg, were met with police brutality.
Marx, Anthony W. Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960-1990. Oxford University Press, 1992.
66-9

After 11 August 1902: British forces fenced in a camp for displaced...

National or international item

After 11 August 1902

British forces fenced in a camp for displaced civilians at Standerton in the Transvaal, in response to a Boer raid on it.
Netz, Reviel. “Barbed Wire”. London Review of Books, 20 July 2000, pp. 30-5.
33

26 July 1931: A religious sect called the Bible Students,...

Building and people item

26 July 1931

A religious sect called the Bible Students, founded about 1872 by Charles Taze Russell , changed their name to Jehovah's Witnesses .
Penton, M. James. Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah’s Witnesses. University of Toronto Press, 1985.
14-16, 62

Early January 1959: Fidel Castro overthrew the Batista government...

National or international item

Early January 1959

Fidel Castro overthrew the Batista government in Cuba; he remained in power beyond the end of the century.
Kinder, Hermann, and Werner Hilgemann. The Anchor Atlas of World History. Translator Menze, Ernest A., Vol.
2
, Anchor, 1978.
II: 271
Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. Historical Tables: 58 BC-AD 1985. 11th ed., Garland Publishing, 1986.
258

1955: Equal pay began to be introduced over a six-year...

Building and people item

1955

Equal pay began to be introduced over a six-year period in the Post Office .
Grint, Keith. “Women and Equality: The Acquisition of Equal Pay in the Post Office, 1870-1961”. Sociology, Vol.
22
, No. 1, 1988, pp. 87-108.
100

Thomas Otway

Emily Eden

Shortly after the middle of the nineteenth century, EE published two novels (one of them begun during the 1830s) and a volume of her letters from India. She also published a collection of her...

November 1671: The Quaker Thomas Milne of Aberdeen, who...

Building and people item

November 1671

The QuakerThomas Milne of Aberdeen, who had buried his dead child in a kail-yard in preference to the Presbyterian grave-yard, was punished by a sentence of exile, closing his shop, and removing the body.
Walker, William. The Bards of Bon-Accord, 1375-1860. Edmond and Spark, 1887.
92-3

27 March 1914: The Women's Social and Political Union began...

National or international item

27 March 1914

The Women's Social and Political Union began an arson campaign in Ulster after Edward Carson informed them that he and his party would not after all, contrary to a previous promise, support the enfranchisement of...

27 April 1992: Betty Boothroyd became the first woman to...

National or international item

27 April 1992

Betty Boothroyd became the first woman to be elected Speaker of the House of Commons ; media reports made much of the fact that she had once worked in the Tiller Girls dancing troupe.
Williams, Neville et al. Chronology of the 20th Century. Helicon, 1996.
509

February 1830: The first issue of Fraser's Magazine for...

Writer or writing item

February 1830

The first issue of Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country was published by James Fraser of Regent Street, London.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
3: 303-5, 309

By 6 July 1957: The Tory government repealed Labour's Rent...

Building and people item

By 6 July 1957

The Tory government repealed Labour's Rent Control Act, 1954, and passed a new Act which decontrolled the rents of 600,000 houses in London alone.
“The Times Digital Archive 1785-2007”. Thompson Gale: The Times Digital Archive.
(6 July 1957): 7; (28 October 1957): 14; (10 December 1957): 11

1 September 1988: The Education Act (properly the Education...

National or international item

1 September 1988

The Education Act (properly the Education Reform Act) began to come into force. This Act established a compulsory national curriculum for all pupils in state-maintained schools in Britain, abolished the University Grants Committee ...

1654: A young French priest, Father Antoine Biet,...

Building and people item

1654

A young French priest, Father Antoine Biet , visited British-held Barbados and Surinam in the Caribbean; his account of his journey, published in 1664, mentions the low cost of the slaves and the huge...

Early 1843 to 1907: In the seventy-three years following the...

National or international item

Early 1843 to 1907

In the seventy-three years following the establishment of the M'Naghten Rules, the number of accused murderers acquitted by the insanity plea, or found unfit to plead, rose from 10% of all cases to 31%.
Walker, Nigel. Crime and Insanity in England. Edinburgh University Press, 1968.
86

February 1940: Woman Today ended publication in London....

Building and people item

February 1940

Woman Today ended publication in London.
Doughan, David, and Denise Sanchez. Feminist Periodicals, 1855-1984. Harvester Press, 1987.
53
Harrison, Royden et al. The Warwick Guide to British Labour Periodicals, 1790-1970: A Check List. Harvester Press, 1977.
602

November 1700: King Carlos II of Spain died; he had no heir,...

National or international item

November 1700

King Carlos II of Spain died; he had no heir, and the War of Spanish Succession resulted within eighteen months, declared by England against France on 4 May 1702.
Jones, Dwyryd Wyn. War and Economy in the Age of William III and Marlborough. Blackwell, 1988.
339

1842: The School of Pharmacy, now part of the University...

Building and people item

1842

The School of Pharmacy , now part of the University of London , was founded by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain .
Harte, Negley. The University of London 1836-1986. Athlone, 1986.
227
The World of Learning. 45th ed., Allen and Unwin, 1995.
1540

15 October 1894: A Chinese Imperial edict for the protection...

National or international item

15 October 1894

A Chinese Imperial edict for the protection of foreigners and missionaries was proclaimed, in an attempt to discourage anti-missionary violence.
Keller, Helen, editor. The Dictionary of Dates. Macmillan, 1934, 2 vols.
I: 786

31 December 1930: Pope Pius XI declared abortion sinful even...

National or international item

31 December 1930

Pope Pius XI declared abortion sinful even if it was to save the woman's life.
Hordern, Anthony. Legal Abortion: The English Experience. Pergamon, 1971.
13
Trager, James. The Women’s Chronology: A Year-by-Year Record, from Prehistory to the Present. Henry Holt, 1994.
464

1872: German psychologist Carl Otto Westphal gave...

Building and people item

1872

German psychologist Carl Otto Westphal gave the name agoraphobia to a mental disorder on which he published a treatise this year, the fear of open spaces.
Trotter, David. “Platz Angst”. London Review of Books, 24 July 2003, pp. 16-17.
16

1862: The London meeting of the National Association...

Building and people item

1862

The London meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science accepted a paper from Emily Davies on Medicine as a Profession for Women.
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
57

1931: Twelve papyri, all codices (in form, that...

Writer or writing item

1931

Twelve papyri, all codices (in form, that is, not scrolls but books with pages), and all containing Christian literature, were discovered in Egypt.
Gentry, Helen, and David Greenhood. Chronology of Books and Printing. Rev. ed., Macmillan, 1936.
141

1938: BBC radio began a broadcasting service to...

National or international item

1938

BBC radio began a broadcasting service to Latin America, Africa, Asia, and countries throughout Europe, which ran until 1943.
BBC Handbook: 1960. BBC, 1960, http://U of A HSS HE 8690 B86.
238-9

15 July 1916: King George V opened the National Library...

Writer or writing item

15 July 1916

King George V opened the National Library of Wales at its new site overlooking Aberystwyth and Cardigan Bay.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
182