Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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William Morris: 1859

Building item
Author event in William Morris

1859

Philip Webb designed Red House in Bexleyheath, Kent, in medieval style for WM and his new wife, Jane Burden .
Spencer, Robin. The Aesthetic Movement: Theory and Practice. Studio Vista, 1972.
15

Margaret Oliphant: January 1859

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

January 1859

MO and her husband, with their two surviving children and their nurse, Jane Hockey , left London for Florence, in the hope of halting Frank 's rapid decline from tuberculosis.
Jay, Elisabeth. Mrs Oliphant: "A Fiction to Herself": A Literary Life. Clarendon Press, 1995.
16
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
28-30

1859: The Ladies' Collegiate School, Belfast, was...

Building item

1859

The Ladies' Collegiate School , Belfast, was founded by Margaret Byers to prepare Protestant girls to be governesses and teachers.
O’Connor, Anne V. “The Revolution in Girls’ Secondary Education in Ireland, 1860-1910”. Girls Don’t Do Honours: Irish Women in Education in the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Mary Cullen, Women’s Education Bureau, 1987, pp. 31-54.
32

1859: Miss Wreford became the first female foreign...

Women writers item

1859

Miss Wreford became the first female foreign correspondent for The Times.
Onslow, Barbara. Women of the Press in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Macmillan, 2000.
22

1859-1866: Obstetrician Isaac Baker Brown performed...

Building item

1859-1866

Obstetrician Isaac Baker Brown performed clitoridectomies in London on women whom he believed to be succumbing to female insanity.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
263
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980. Pantheon Books, 1985.
75-7

1859: The Association for Sanitary Reform was founded;...

Building item

1859

The Association for Sanitary Reform was founded; Lord Shaftesbury was Chairman.
Brion, Marion, and Anthea Tinker. Women in Housing: Access and Influence. Housing Centre Trust, 1980.
60

1859: Mrs Robert Cartwright published her travel...

Women writers item

1859

Mrs Robert Cartwright published her travel book Pilgrim Walks: A Chaplet of Memories, with appended poems.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.

1859: French physician Pierre Briquet (1796-1881)...

Building item

1859

French physician Pierre Briquet (1796-1881) published Traité clinique et thérapeutique de l'hystérie. Briquet argued that hysteria was caused by the central nervous system rather than a disorder of the uterus, as was commonly believed...

1 January 1859: Elizabeth Blackwell became the first female...

Building item

1 January 1859

Elizabeth Blackwell became the first female physician listed on the United Kingdom Medical Register.
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
145
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
43

4 May 1874: Elizabeth (Thompson), Lady Butler, exhibited...

Building item

4 May 1874

Elizabeth (Thompson), Lady Butler , exhibited her painting Roll Call at the Royal Academy ; it was bought by Queen Victoria .

1850: The Interpretation Act (also known as Lord...

National or international item

1850

The Interpretation Act (also known as Lord Brougham 's Act) which aimed to simplify the language of legal statutes, laid down that the masculine includes the feminine (so that he should be understood to mean...

1859: The Royal College of Surgeons introduced...

Building item

1859

The Royal College of Surgeons introduced a Licence in Dental Surgery.
Donnison, Jean. Midwives and Medical Men: A History of Inter-Professional Rivalries and Women’s Rights. Schocken Books, 1977.
61

1859: Charles Lyell's address as president of the...

Building item

1859

Charles Lyell 's address as president of the geological section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) supported the new consensus that humans had lived among now-extinct mammals in a Europe that...

1859: The Jewish Board of Guardians was established...

Building item

1859

The Jewish Board of Guardians was established to coordinate the activities of Jewish charities in England.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
175

1859: The London General Omnibus Company reported...

Building item

1859

The London General Omnibus Company reported carrying thirty-nine million riders annually.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
107
Day, John R. The Story of the London Bus: London and Its Buses from the Horse Bus to the Present Day. London Transport Executive, 1973.
24

1859: On the death of his father, Ferdinand II,...

National or international item

1859

On the death of his father, Ferdinand II , Francis II succeeded him as King of Sicily.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
267

January 1859: Physician Elizabeth Blackwell delivered a...

Building item

January 1859

Physician Elizabeth Blackwell delivered a series of lectures in London; extracts from them appeared in the English Woman's Journal.
Blake, Catriona, and Wendy Savage. The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession. Women’s Press, 1990.
44
Ashton, Rosemary. George Eliot: A Life. Hamish Hamilton, 1996.
208

1859: The Electric and International Telegraph...

Building item

1859

The Electric and International Telegraph Company had over 4,400 miles of telegraph lines in England, up from 500 miles in 1845.
Onslow, Barbara. Women of the Press in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Macmillan, 2000.
155

1859: Evangelist and future Mother of the Salvation...

Women writers item

1859

Evangelist and future Mother of the Salvation ArmyCatherine Booth published the pamphlet Female Ministry; or, Woman's Right to Preach the Gospel.
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography: From Earliest Times to 1985. Oxford University Press, 1995, 3 vols.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Willett, Perry, and Perry Willett, editors. “Victorian Women Writers Project”. Indiana University.

1859: Frances Margaret Taylor (as the Authoress...

Women writers item

1859

Frances Margaret Taylor (as the Authoress of Eastern Hospitals and English Nurses) published her historical novel Tyborne, and 'who went thither in the days of Queen Elizabeth'.
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.
Dickens, Mary Angela. Mother Magdalen Taylor. Catholic Truth Society, 1928.
12
OCLC WorldCat. 1992–1998, http://www.oclc.org/firstsearch/content/worldcat/. Accessed 1999.

1859: A Royal Commission was appointed to investigate...

National or international item

1859

A Royal Commission was appointed to investigate the workings of the Royal Academy of Arts, including the role of women artists.
Marsh, Jan, and Pamela Gerrish Nunn. Women Artists and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Virago, 1989.
30

By 1859: Aniline dyes (discovered three years before)...

Building item

By 1859

Aniline dyes (discovered three years before) were introduced in manufacturing; clothing brightened considerably.
Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well-Dressed Englishwoman Bought Her Clothes. Allen and Unwin, 1964.
174-9
Adburgham, Alison. A Punch History of Manners and Modes 1841-1940. Hutchinson, 1961.
72

1859: Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe developed a...

Building item

1859

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe developed a chemical reaction which enabled the industrial production of acetylsalicylic-acid-based pain relievers.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon and Shuster, 1988.
330
Rocke, Alan J. Chemical Atomism in the Nineteenth Century: From Dalton to Cannizzaro. Ohio State University Press, 1984.
242-4, 256, 293, 319

1859: The first pharmaceuticals factory opened...

Building item

1859

The first pharmaceuticals factory opened in St Helens, Merseyside
Sweet, Matthew. Inventing the Victorians. St Martin’s Press, 2001.
48

1859: Officials at Millbank Prison in London reported...

Building item

1859

Officials at Millbank Prison in London reported 154 separate riots among its female convict population during the course of this year.
Zedner, Lucia. Women, Crime, and Custody in Victorian England. Clarendon, 1991, http://U of A HSS.
208-9