Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1855: The Metropolitan Board of Works, an indirectly...

National or international item

1855

The Metropolitan Board of Works , an indirectly elected body, was set up to supervise public infrastructure in London.
Hunt, Tristram. “Bus Lane Strategy”. London Review of Books, 31 Oct. 2002, pp. 20-1.
20

1855: A halfpenny postal rate was introduced for...

National or international item

1855

A halfpenny postal rate was introduced for printed circulars; for letters the penny post remained in force.
Nevett, Terry R. Advertising in Britain: A History. Heinemann, 1982.
92

1855: Marion Hartog established the first Jewish...

Women writers item

1855

Marion Hartog established the first Jewish women's periodical in any language, the Jewish Sabbath Journal.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
107, 159

About 1855: Charles Frederick Worth of the UK introduced...

Building item

About 1855

Charles Frederick Worth of the UK introduced and popularized his cage crinoline in Paris.
Carter, Ernestine. Magic Names of Fashion. Prentice-Hall, 1980.
26
Diana de Marly (78) gives a good argument that Worth's association with the crinoline's invention is false or at least exaggerated.

1855: Herbert Spencer published Principles of ...

Writing climate item

1855

Herbert Spencer published Principles of Psychology.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
926

1855: John Camden Hotten, newly back from some...

Writing climate item

1855

John Camden Hotten , newly back from some seven years in America, established his own bookshop at 151b Piccadilly, London.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
110

1855: Søren Kierkegaard, existentialist philosopher,...

Writing climate item

1855

Søren Kierkegaard , existentialist philosopher, died.
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.

1855: Henry Bessemer, of the UK, patented a method...

Building item

1855

Henry Bessemer , of the UK, patented a method for turning molten pig-iron into steel.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
276

Mary Russell Mitford: 10 January 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Russell Mitford

10 January 1855

MRM died at her cottage at Swallowfield near Reading.
Mudge, Bradford Keyes, editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 116. Gale Research, 1992.
116: 198
Stephen, Sir Leslie, and Sidney Lee, editors. The Dictionary of National Biography. Smith, Elder, 1908–2026, 22 vols. plus supplements.

Camilla Crosland: By 13 January 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Camilla Crosland

By 13 January 1855

CC published a novel entitled Hildred: The Daughter.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.

Anthony Trolllope: By mid January 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Anthony Trolllope

By mid January 1855

AT published with Longman the first novel in his Chronicles of Barsetshire series: The Warden, titled from the Rev. Septimus Harding, who is the high-church warden of an almshouse complex.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.
659-69
The Athenaeum Index of Reviews and Reviewers: 1830-1870. http://replay.web.archive.org/20070714065452/http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~asp/v2/home.html.
1420 (13 January 1855) 38

16 January 1855: Eleanor Marx, leading British socialist (and...

Building item

16 January 1855

Eleanor Marx , leading British socialist (and daughter of Karl Marx ), was born in London.
Spartacus Educational. 28 Feb. 2003, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/.

Charlotte Brontë: January 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Charlotte Brontë

January 1855

CB was pregnant and became ill.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. St Martin’s Press, 1994.
769

Dorothy Wordsworth: 25 January 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Dorothy Wordsworth

25 January 1855

DW died at Grasmere after twenty years of variously-interpreted physical but especially mental decline, said by some to be arteriosclerosis and by some to be Alzheimer's.
Moorman, Mary. William Wordsworth: A Biography. Clarendon Press, 1957–1965, 2 vols.
2: 607-8
Shattock, Joanne. The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford University Press, 1993.

30 January 1855: Public outrage against Lord Raglan, who commanded...

National or international item

30 January 1855

Public outrage against Lord Raglan , who commanded Britain's forces in the Crimean War, culminated in a Parliament ary inquiry that brought down Lord Aberdeen 's government and enabled various reforms.
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Somerset, FitzRoy James Henry

Eliza Lynn Linton: Early 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Eliza Lynn Linton

Early 1855

Eliza Lynn , later Linton, sold the family home at Gadshill to Charles Dickens after her father died.
Linton, Eliza Lynn, and Beatrice Harraden. My Literary Life. Hodder and Stoughton, 1899.
58

1 February 1855: The Great Western Railway operated the first...

National or international item

1 February 1855

The Great Western Railway operated the first special postal train between London and Bristol.
Bruno, Leonard. On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research, 1993.
103

1 February 1855: The last issue of the Prospective Review...

Writing climate item

1 February 1855

The last issue of the Prospective Review was published; its aims were continued and broadened in the later National Review.
Houghton, Walter E., and Jean Harris Slingerland, editors. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. University of Toronto Press, 1966–1989, 5 vols.
3: 344, 357

February 1855: Governess Célestine Doudet stood trial for...

Building item

February 1855

Governess Célestine Doudet stood trial for manslaughter after being accused of violence resulting in the unintended death of Mary Ann Marsden , one of the children in her care.
Hartman, Mary S. Victorian Murderesses. Schocken Books, 1977.
87-128

6 February 1855: The seventy-year-old Lord Palmerston formed...

National or international item

6 February 1855

The seventy-year-old Lord Palmerston formed a Whig-Liberal government.
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw. Handbook of British Chronology. Editors Greenway, D. E. et al., 3rd ed., Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1986.
115
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
491
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
857

Margaret Oliphant: 8 February 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Margaret Oliphant

8 February 1855

MO 's second daughter, Marjorie, died at less than nine months old.
Williams, Merryn. Margaret Oliphant: A Critical Biography. St Martin’s Press, 1986.
24

Anna Brownell Jameson: 14 February 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Anna Brownell Jameson

14 February 1855

ABJ delivered her lecture On Sisters of Charity Abroad and at Home at the house of Elizabeth Reid in London; it was published later the same year.
Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Scolar Press, 1997.
xiii

Lydia Howard Sigourney: 16 February 1855

Writing climate item
Author event in Lydia Howard Sigourney

16 February 1855

LHS published at New York and BostonPast Meridian, a book of reflections on old age; further editions quickly followed at London and Hartford.
Blanck, Jacob et al., editors. Bibliography of American Literature. Yale University Press, 1955–1991, 9 vols.
7: 471
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
73
“Dictionary of Literary Biography online”. Gale Databases: Literature Resource Center-LRC.
239

Mary Catherine Hume: 20 February 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Mary Catherine Hume

20 February 1855

MCH 's father, Joseph Hume , died. In accordance with her Swedenborgian beliefs, she refused to mourn, protesting the selfishness of lamenting one whose soul had gone to a better place.
Matthew, Henry Colin Gray et al., editors. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. http://www.oxforddnb.com/.
under Joseph Hume
Thesing, William B., editor. Dictionary of Literary Biography 240. Gale Research, 2001.
240: 103

Marion Moss: February 1855-June 1855

Women writers item
Author event in Marion Moss

February 1855-June 1855

MM published and edited the first Jewish women's periodical in modern history, the Jewish Sabbath Journal.
Galchinsky, Michael. The Origin of the Modern Jewish Woman Writer. Wayne State University Press, 1996.
78, 252