Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1853: David Richmond, after a tour of America,...

Building item

1853

David Richmond , after a tour of America, founded the first Spiritualist church in England, at Keighley in Yorkshire.
Hamilton-Parker, Craig. “Spiritualism: The History of Spiritualism”. Psychics and Mediums Network.

1853: Louisa Twining began her work with the inmates...

Building item

1853

Louisa Twining began her work with the inmates of the Strand workhouse.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
175

January 1853: The Hurst and Blackett publishing firm was...

Writing climate item

January 1853

The Hurst and Blackett publishing firm was founded at 13 Great Marlborough Street, London, by Daniel Hurst and Henry Blackett on their buying Henry Colburn 's business.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 155

1853: Following the British Navy Medical Report's...

Building item

1853

Following the British NavyMedical Report's recommendations, the hospital at Portsea devised a lock hospital for women.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
108

1853: The first International Congress of Statistics...

Building item

1853

The first International Congress of Statistics in Brussels tried to define markers in use in compiling statistics.
Daston, Lorraine. “Why statistics tend not only to describe the world but to change it”. London Review of Books, 13 Apr. 2000, pp. 35-6.
36

1853: Baron Haussmann was appointed Prefect of...

National or international item

1853

Baron Haussmann was appointed Prefect of the Seine to rebuild the city of Paris.
Cowie, Leonard W., and Leonard Woolfson. Years of Nationalism: European History 1815-1890. Edward Arnold, 1985.
226

1853: By this date, the trend of wearing mustachios...

Building item

1853

By this date, the trend of wearing mustachios had filtered down to the working classes; the upper classes began to shave.
Adburgham, Alison. A Punch History of Manners and Modes 1841-1940. Hutchinson, 1961.
46-7

1853: Elisha Otis of Yonkers, New York, invented...

Building item

1853

Elisha Otis of Yonkers, New York, invented the lift or elevator: this made possible a huge increase in the height of urban buildings.
Sayle, Murray. “In the Tart Shop”. London Review of Books, 5 Oct. 2000, pp. 31-4.
32

1853: Robert Brudenell Carter published On the...

Building item

1853

Robert Brudenell Carter published On the Pathology and Treatment of Hysteria.
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
116
Moscucci, Ornella. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
116

By 1853: The Photographic Society was founded by early...

Building item

By 1853

The Photographic Society was founded by early members of the Calotype Club ; it later became the Royal Photographic Society.
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
25

1853: Charles Watt and Hugh Burgess obtained a...

Writing climate item

1853

Charles Watt and Hugh Burgess obtained a UK patent for the use of wood-pulp in manufacturing paper.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
150
Baker, Nicholson. Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper. Random House, 2001.
56-7, 61-2

1853: The Government School of Design (founded...

Building item

1853

The Government School of Design (founded in 1837) moved to South Kensington, where it became the greatly expanded National Art Training School .
“History and Location”. Royal College of Art.

1853: After the death of Joseph Rickerby, printer...

Writing climate item

1853

After the death of Joseph Rickerby , printer and publisher, his daughter Mary began to publish under her own name at her father's former premises.
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 260

1853: Londoner Isabella Rushton Preston published...

Women writers item

1853

Londoner Isabella Rushton Preston published anonymously, through John Murray , her Handbook of Familiar Quotations from English Authors. This became a leading source for the better-known, American Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 1855.
Shapiro, Fred R. “Anonymous was a Woman”. Yale Alumni Magazine, Jan.–Feb. 2011.

1853: Two Frenchmen named Coupier and Mellier invented...

Writing climate item

1853

Two Frenchmen named Coupier and Mellier invented the first successful process for making paper from straw.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
150

1853: In Scotland, the Forbes MacKenzie Act enforced...

Building item

1853

In Scotland, the Forbes MacKenzie Act enforced almost uniform Sunday closing on licensed establishments.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
87

1853: Scottish physician Alexander Wood modified...

Building item

1853

Scottish physician Alexander Wood modified the point of the medical syringe needle and created the hypodermic syringe.
Duin, Nancy, and Jenny Sutcliffe. A History of Medicine: From Prehistory to the Year 2020. Simon and Schuster, 1992.
53

1853: The United Kingdom Alliance, a temperance...

Building item

1853

The United Kingdom Alliance , a temperance reform group dedicated to prohibition, formed in Manchester.
Shiman, Lilian Lewis. Crusade against Drink in Victorian England. Macmillan, 1988.
75-6, 78-9

1853: A treaty on copyright stipulations and conditions...

Writing climate item

1853

A treaty on copyright stipulations and conditions was signed between UK and US, but it failed to be ratified by the American government.
Feather, John. A History of British Publishing. Croom Helm, 1988.
173

1853: The publication of Elements of Psychological...

Building item

1853

The publication of Elements of Psychological Medicine by Daniel Noble marked a turn in Victorian psychiatry away from phrenology and moral management.
Cooter, Roger. “Phrenology and British Alienists, ca. 1825-1845”. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era, edited by Andrew Scull, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981, pp. 58-104.
85

1853: Margaret Crittenden Douglass, a former slave-holder,...

Building item

1853

Margaret Crittenden Douglass , a former slave-holder, was imprisoned for three months in Norfolk, Virginia, for the crime of teaching a Sunday School class of free colored children.
“A Century of Racial Segregation, 1849-1950”. The Library of Congress: Exhibitions.

1853: The Evangelical Rescue Society of London...

Building item

1853

The Evangelical Rescue Society of London was formed.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
108

1853: The Charter Act replaced patronage appointments...

Building item

1853

The Charter Act replaced patronage appointments to the Indian Civil Service with competitive examinations open to British subjects of all classes.
Cohen, Emmeline W. The Growth of the British Civil Service 1780-1939. Archon Books, 1965, http://U of G.
81

1853: The Select Committee on Criminal and Destitute...

Building item

1853

The Select Committee on Criminal and Destitute Children advocated that state assistance be directed toward reform schools.
Emsley, Clive. Crime and Society in England 1750-1900. 2nd ed., Longman, 1996.
275

1853: The first public aquarium was stocked at...

Building item

1853

The first public aquarium was stocked at the Royal Zoological Gardens , Regent's Park.
Brock, William H. Science for All: Studies in the History of Victorian Science and Education. Variorum, 1996.
VII: 29