Events Timeline

Orlando includes short event entries, freestanding and embedded in author profiles, about moments and processes relevant to literary history and organized into four categories: Women writers, Writing Climate, Political Climate, and Social Climate. Explore the timelines by searching for date(s) and/or words or phrases associated with them.

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1840: The Schools of Design at Somerset House in...

Building item

1840

The Schools of Design at Somerset House in London were established.
Maas, Jeremy. Victorian Painters. Barrie and Jenkins, 1978.
25

1840: Louis Agassiz of Switzerland identified indications...

Building item

1840

Louis Agassiz of Switzerland identified indications of glaciation across northern Europe, initiating the concept of ice ages.
Knight, David. The Age of Science: The Scientific World-View in the Nineteenth Century. Basil Blackwell, 1986.
104-5

1840: French physiologist and phrenologist Fleury...

Building item

1840

French physiologist and phrenologist Fleury Imbert published a book on diseases in women; it initiated medical theories about eating disorders.
Hof, Sonja van ’t. Anorexia Nervosa: The Historical and Cultural Specificity: Fallacious Theories and Tenacious "Facts". Swets and Zeitlinger, 1994.
51-2, 54

1840: Tilt and Bogue was founded in Fleet Street,...

Writing climate item

1840

Tilt and Bogue was founded in Fleet Street, London, from the partnership of David Bogue and Charles Tilt .
Rose, Jonathan, and Patricia J. Anderson, editors. Dictionary of Literary Biography 106. Gale Research, 1991.
106: 57

By 1840: Almost 1,500 miles of railway track were...

Building item

By 1840

Almost 1,500 miles of railway track were open in the UK.
Simmons, Jack. The Railway in England and Wales 1830-1914. Leicester University Press, 1978.
32

1840: Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot invented...

Building item

1840

Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot invented the calotype system of photography.
Hannavy, John. Masters of Victorian Photography. David and Charles, 1976.
14-5
Davis, Phil. Photography. 3rd ed., W. C. Brown, 1979.
4-7
Galligan, Francesca. “The Personal Archive of William Henry Fox Talbot”. Bodleian Library Friends’ Newsletter, 2012, p. 2.

1840: Lacemakers in Nottingham went on strike but...

Building item

1840

Lacemakers in Nottingham went on strike but did not secure their demands.
Mitchell, Sally, editor. Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. Garland Press, 1988.
429

1840s: Advertisers packed London streets with large...

Building item

1840s

Advertisers packed London streets with large models of various products; fantastic items such as seven-foot-tall top hats and sides of bacon were frequently seen as they were pulled through the roadways mounted on carts.
Fenstermaker, John J. “Thomas Carlyle, Popular Advertising, and the Commerical Spirit in Victorian England”. Studies in Popular Culture, Vol.
15
, No. 1, 1992, pp. 25-36.
25

1840: Friedrich Gottlob Keller received a German...

Writing climate item

1840

Friedrich Gottlob Keller received a German patent for a wood-grinding machine used to make pulp for paper manufacturing.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
145
Gentry, Helen, and David Greenhood. Chronology of Books and Printing. Rev. ed., Macmillan, 1936.
109

1840: The Society of Protestant Sisters of Charity...

Building item

1840

The Society of Protestant Sisters of Charity (Nursing Sisters) was founded as a secular nursing order in London, inspired by Quaker Elizabeth Gurney Fry .
Franck, Irene, and David Brownstone. Women’s World: A Timeline of Women in History. HarperCollins; HarperPerennial, 1995.
119
Williams, Katherine. “From Sarah Gamp to Florence Nightingale: A Critical Study of Hospital Nursing Systems from 1840 to 1897”. Rewriting Nursing History, edited by Celia Davies, Barnes and Noble, 1980, pp. 41-75.
42-4, 49, 64
Dingwall, Robert et al. An Introduction to the Social History of Nursing. Routledge, 1988.
28

1840: The transportation of British convicts to...

National or international item

1840

The transportation of British convicts to New South Wales ended.
Briggs, John et al. Crime and Punishment in England: An Introductory History. St Martin’s, 1996.
167

1840: Moy's Music-Hall opened in London....

Building item

1840

Moy's Music-Hall opened in London.
Mander, Raymond, and Joe Mitchenson. The Theatres of London. Rupert Hart-Davis, 1963.
200

1840s to 1860s: A fern craze followed Nathaniel Ward's invention...

Building item

1840s to 1860s

A fern craze followed Nathaniel Ward 's invention of a case for transporting growing plants.
Brock, William H. Science for All: Studies in the History of Victorian Science and Education. Variorum, 1996.
VII: 28

1840-41: Robert Smith Surtees's Handley Cross was...

Writing climate item

1840-41

Robert Smith Surtees 's Handley Cross was serialised in the New Sporting Magazine; it appeared in three volumes in 1843.
Sutherland, John, b. 1938. The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction. Stanford University Press, 1989.

1840: Chartist R. J. Richardson published from...

Building item

1840

Chartist R. J. Richardson published from prison a pamphlet, The Rights of Woman, in which he argued that women had a share in the Executive and legislative power of the country.
Thompson, Dorothy, 1923 - 2011, editor. The Early Chartists. Macmillan, 1971.
117
Thompson, Dorothy, 1923 - 2011, editor. The Early Chartists. Macmillan, 1971.
115-27

By the 1840s: Most charitable organizations had female...

Building item

By the 1840s

Most charitable organizations had female auxiliaries, charged with the solicitation of funds.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England. Clarendon, 1980.
24, 86

1840: The Ladies' Pocket Magazine, composed of...

Building item

1840

The Ladies' Pocket Magazine, composed of fiction, fashion, and light reading, ended publication in London.
Bogenschneider, Duane R., editor. The Gerritsen Collection of Women’s History, 1543-1945: A Bibliographic Guide to the Microform Collection. Microfilming Corporation of America, 1983, 3 vols.
30 P116

1840: Reform Judaism (which had begun in continental...

Building item

1840

Reform Judaism (which had begun in continental Europe) saw the foundation of it's first English Congregation, the West London Synagogue of British Jews .
Eliade, Mircea, and Charles J. Adams, editors. The Encyclopedia of Religion. Macmillan, 1987, 16 vols.
259

1840: The first Railway Inspectors (or Inspecting...

Building item

1840

The first Railway Inspectors (or Inspecting Officers) were appointed from among members of the Royal Corps of Engineers : this was an important step towards promoting safety.
Binyon, Jane. “Delays that Kill”. London Review of Books, 16 Mar. 2000, pp. 14-16.
14

1840: R. M. Stephenson patented his iron machinery...

Building item

1840

R. M. Stephenson patented his iron machinery for moving stage scenery.
Booth, Michael R. Theatre in the Victorian Age. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
79

1840: William Tait's Magdalenism: an Inquiry into...

Building item

1840

William Tait 's Magdalenism: an Inquiry into the Extent, Causes and Consequences of Prostitution was published.
Walkowitz, Judith R. ’We Are Not Beasts of the Field’: Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886. University of Rochester, 1974.
107

1840: Daniel O'Connell proposed an Irish parliament...

National or international item

1840

Daniel O'Connell proposed an Irish parliament of 300 members, and embarked on a serious campaign for repeal of the Union between England and Ireland which had come into force on 1 January 1801.
Morton, Grenfell. Home Rule and the Irish Question. Longman, 1980.
9

1840: The Rev. Chauncy Hare Townshend's Facts in...

Building item

1840

The Rev. Chauncy Hare Townshend 's Facts in Mesmerism described the phenomenon of sleep-waking exhibited by patients; the text brought mesmerism fully into the public eye.
Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
203

1840: Etienne Robert Gaubert received an English...

Writing climate item

1840

Etienne Robert Gaubert received an English patent for the Gérotype, a type-distributing machine.
Clair, Colin. A Chronology of Printing. Cassell, 1969.
145

1840: The first postcard was made and sent in Britain,...

Building item

1840

The first postcard was made and sent in Britain, by an artist named Theodore Hook .
CBC Arts Report. CBC Radio 2.
“Oldest Postcard Sells For ¥31,750”. BBC News, 8 Mar. 2002.