Mary Evelyn (1665-85), daughter of the diarist and virtuoso John Evelyn and of Mary (Browne) Evelyn (a letter-writer of note, who declined to branch out into other authorship), was regarded as a prodigy of learning, but died young of smallpox. Manuscript writings by her and her mother, on deposit among other Evelyn papers at Christ Church, Oxford , include her Rules for Spending my Pretious Tyme Well.

Charles Maitland , under the patronage of Princess Caroline , experimentally inoculated six Newgate prisoners (three of each sex) against smallpox.

The act also made arm-to-arm vaccination illegal. It had constituted a real danger to pauper children, who received the virus from other pauper children who occasionally communicated other diseases together with smallpox immunity.